1. Electronic System Design Techniques
Boonying Charoen
Kittiphong Meesawat
Wichai Premchaisawadi

2. Course Syllabus
Introduction : Passive & Active Components 21 – 25 Oct.
Packaging & Interconnection Technologies 28 Oct. – 1 Nov.
Cables & Connectors 4 – 8 Nov.
(20 %)
CAD Tools – 22 Nov.
Design Examples – 29 Nov.
PCB design & Implementation 6 – 10 Jan.2014
(20%)
1st Presentation (Conceptual Design 10%) 2 – 6 Dec.
2nd Presentation (Simulation 10%) – 20 Dec.
3rd Presentation (Prototype 10%) 3 – 7 Feb.2014
(60%)
Presentation %
Report & Complete Prototype 20%
Attention & Participation 10%

3. Electronics product life cycle

4. Electronic Components

5. Electrical properties
Mechanical properties
Dimension & Weight
Cost & Availability
Ergonomic
etc.

6. Definitions Passive: Capable of operating without an external
power source. Typical passive components are
resistors, capacitors, inductors and switches etc.
Active: Requiring a source of power to operate.
Includes transistors (all types), integrated circuits
(all types), TRIACs, SCRs, LEDs, etc.

7. DC: Direct Current
The electrons flow in one direction only. 
Current flow is from negative to positive, although it is often more convenient to think of it as from positive to negative.  This is
sometimes referred to as "conventional" current as opposed to electron flow.

8. AC: Alternating Current
The electrons flow in both directions in a cyclic manner - first one way, then the other.  The rate of change of direction determines the frequency, measured in Hertz (cycles per second).

9. Passive Electronic Components
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Physical Appearance
Slide 9
Slide 13
Slide 26
Units
Ohm (W)
Farad (F)
Henry (H)
Other Specifications
Maximum Power (Watt)
Tolerance (%)
Maximum Voltage (Volt)
Maximum Current (A)
Code
Colour (Slide 12)
Numeric Code and Direct Value (Slide 13)
Slide 20
Slide 27
Standard Values
Slide 14
Slide 21
Typical Values
Few ohms to
tens of Mega-ohm
Few pico-Farad
tens of micro-Farad
Few nano-Henry to
tens of milli-Henry

10. Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Variable Components
Slide 11
Slide 19
Slide 27
Symbol and Notation
Relationship with voltage and current
(Ohm’s Law)
Equivalence of Series/parallel combination
Slide 29

11. Resistor Examples SMT Components Through-hole Resistors
(Larger size often indicates higher power rating)

12. SMT Rectangular passive components (mostly resistors and capacitors):
01005 (0402 metric) : 0.016" × 0.008" (0.4 mm × 0.2 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/32 Watt
0201 (0603 metric) : 0.024" × 0.012" (0.6 mm × 0.3 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/20 Watt
0402 (1005 metric) : 0.04" × 0.02" (1.0 mm × 0.5 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/16 Watt
0603 (1608 metric) : 0.063" × 0.031" (1.6 mm × 0.8 mm)
0805 (2012 metric) : 0.08" × 0.05" (2.0 mm × 1.25 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/10 or 1/8 Watt
1206 (3216 metric) : 0.126" × 0.063" (3.2 mm × 1.6 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/4 Watt
1806 (4516 metric) : 0.177" × 0.063" (4.5 mm × 1.6 mm)
1812 (4532 metric) : 0.18" × 0.12" (4.5 mm × 3.2 mm)
Typical power rating for resistors 1/2 Watt
2010 (5025 metric) : 0.2" × 0.1" (5.0 mm × 2.5 mm)
2512 (6332 metric) : 0.25" × 0.12" (6.35 mm × 3.0 mm)
Ref:

13. Variable Resistor Examples

14. Resistor Color Code
On line Tool:
Note: A resistor with a single black-band is a zero ohm resistor

15. Resistor Code SIL (Single In-Line) network:
Ref:
SIL (Single In-Line) network:
The 4 and 7 are significant digits and the 3 is the decade, giving 47 x 1000 or 47 KW
The letter after the numbers is the tolerance. The different representations are: M=±20%, K=±10%, J=±5%, G=±2%, F=±1%.
Detail Spec:
SMD (Surface Mount Device):
The 1 and 0 are significant digits and the 3 is the decade, giving 10 x 1000 or 10 KW
Direct Value:
Resistors with larger physical size are often printed the value directly on their body

16. Standard Resistor Values
Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard E24:
Standard E24 specifies resistors based on 5% tolerance (often resistor of this category has 2% tolerance now a days due to advancement of manufacturing techniques)
Standard Resistor values =
100
110
120
130
150
160
180
200
220
240
270
300
330
360
390
430
470
510
560
620
680
750
820
910
× 10M Ohms
(Where M can be any integer, positive or negative)
For other standards:

17. Tolerance
The tolerance of resistors is mostly 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%.  In the old days, 20% was also common, but these are now rare.  Even 10% resistors are hard to get except in extremely high or low values (> 1M or < 1R), where they may be the only options available at a sensible price.
A 100R resistor with 5% tolerance may be anywhere between 95 and 105 ohms - in most circuits this is insignificant, but there will be occasions where very close tolerance is needed (e.g. 0.1% or better). 

18. Power Ratings
Resistors are available with power ratings of 1/8 W (or less for surface mount devices), up to hundreds of watts. 
The most common are 1/4W (0.25W), 1/2W (0.5W), 1W, 5W and 10W.  Very few projects require higher powers, and it is often much cheaper to use multiple 10W resistors than a single (say) 50W unit.  They will also be very much easier to obtain.
Like all components, it is preferable to keep temperatures as low as possible, so no resistor should be operated at its full power rating for any extended time.   

19. Resistance Materials
Carbon Composition:  Low to medium power.  Comparatively poor tolerance and stability.  Noisier than most others.
Carbon Film:  Low power.  Reasonable tolerance and stability.  Reasonably quiet.
Metal Film:  Low to medium power.  Very good tolerance and stability.  Quiet.
Wirewound:  High to very high power.  Acceptable to very good tolerance, good stability.  Quiet.  May have inductance.
There are non-inductive wirewound resistors, but are not readily
available, and usually not cheap.

20. Capacitor Examples http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Capacitor
Through-Hole
Capacitor
Network
SMT Chip

21. Variable Capacitor Examples

22. Capacitor Alphanumeric Code
or r
4R7 = 4.7 mF N7 = 4.7 nF P7 = 4.7 pF

23. Standard Capacitor Values
Ref:

24. Capacitance Materials
Silvered Mica:  Probably the most linear low value capacitor, these are most commonly used in RF applications where the dielectric losses would preclude other types.  They are physically large and comparatively expensive.
Polystyrene:  Very good electrical properties, including exceptionally high dielectric resistance.  Very linear and stable, but physically large.  Polystyrene is affected by many solvents, and is unsuitable for high temperatures.
Ceramic:  Excellent high frequency performance, but not stable with temperature (except NPO types).  The temperature sensitivity is often used to stabilise RF oscillators.  Very good bypass caps for high speed opamps.  Not recommended for use in the audio path.  Commonly available in voltages up to 3kV or more.

25. Monolithic Ceramic:  Designed as bypass capacitors, these are physically small, and have excellent HF performance.  Stability is suspect, and they are not recommended for use in the audio path.
Polyester:  One of the most popular types, in the "MKT" package style.  Stable and reliable, but generally only low voltage (up to 100V).  Suitable for all audio applications, as well as bypass on power amplifiers and opamps.
Mylar:  Also known as "Greencaps" - another popular cap, suitable for all audio applications, as well as bypass for power amps and opamps.  (Note that Greencaps may also be polyester).

26. Polypropylene:  Available in relatively large values, and excellent for passive loudspeaker crossover networks.  Said by some to be audibly superior to other plastic film types.
PET: (Polyethylene Terephthalate) - the same stuff that plastic drink bottles are made from. Used in many different types of plastic film caps, often replacing polyester or mylar
Electrolytic:  Using plates of aluminium and an electrolyte to provide conductivity, these caps use an extremely thin layer of aluminium oxide (created by anodising) as the dielectric.  This gives very high capacitance per unit volume, and electros are used as coupling capacitors, filter capacitors in power supplies, and anywhere where a close tolerance is not needed, but high capacitance is necessary.  They have a maximum current rating which must not be exceeded, and are somewhat unreliable.  There are no alternatives.

27. Low Leakage Electrolytic:  These are a "premium" version of standard electrolytic capacitors, and are used where relatively high capacitance is required, but leakage (DC current flow) is undesirable, even at very low values. 
Tantalum:  Very high capacitance per unit volume, but probably the most unreliable capacitor ever made. 
Bipolar Electrolytic:  Two polarised electrolytic capacitors in series, with the positive (or negative) terminals joined internally.  They are not especially reliable at any appreciable power. They are sometimes useful in circuits where a high value cap is needed, but there is little or no polarising voltage. 
Oil/ Paper: These were used many years ago, and can still be found as motor start and power factor factor correction capacitors.  They are extremely rugged, and are self-healing.  They do not fail as a short circuit - any arc is extinguished by the oil, and the cap can continue to function normally after the excess voltage is removed.

28. Inductor Examples Wire-wound Inductors Wire-wound Inductors SMT
SMT
Ferrite drum wire-wound
For More:

29. Variable Inductor Example

30. Inductor Code Inductor Alphanumeric code (Similar to capacitor code):
Inductor Alphanumeric code (Similar to capacitor code):

31. Series and Parallel Combinations

32. Electronic Components Suppliers

34. Active Electronic Components
Diodes
Transistors
Linear ICs
Digital ICs
Photonic Devices
RF & Microwave Devices
Power Devices
Special Purpose Devices etc.

35. Diodes
PN junction diode

36. Diodes
Bridge diode

37. Diodes
Zener diode

38. Diodes A K
Light Emitting Diodes

39. Comparison of chip technologies for wide-angle, non-diffused LEDs
LED Color
Standard Brightness
High Brightness
Chip Material
Lpk (NM)
Iv (mcd)
Viewing Angle
Iv3 (mcd)
Red
GaAsP/GaP
635
120 35
AS AlInGaP
900 30
Orange
GaAsP/Gap
605 90
609
1,300
Amber
583
100
592
Yellow
Gap
570
160 --
Green
565
140 24
GaN
520
1,200 45
Turquoise
495
2,000
Blue
465
325

40. Diodes
LASER Diodes

41. Transistors
Bipolar Junction Transistor

42. Transistors P-channel N-channel Field Effect Transistors JFET
MOSFET enh
MOSFET dep
Field Effect Transistors

43. Linear ICs
Digital ICs

44. Photo Diodes
Photo Transistors

45. RF Devices
RF Monolithic Microwave ICs (MMICs)
DC – 2 GHz Amplifier

46. Power Devices