1. Social Implications of the Internet CSCI 327

2. Networks… Advantage :  Everyone is connected  information sharing Disadvantage :  Everyone is connected  fertile ground for scams and thieves

3. Outline Today - Misc Internet 1.Some Context 2.SPAM 3.Censorship 4.Net Neutrality 5.ISP Liability 6.Thought Questions Thursday - Intell Property 1. Copyrights 2. Patents 3. Fair Use 4. IP Court Cases

4. "Internet audience tops 1 billion" January 26, 2009 The global Internet audience topped 1 billion for the first time in December, according to Reston, Va.-based ComScore Inc., which tracks Internet traffic. The Asia-Pacific region now accounts for 41 percent of all Internet users, with China ranked as the largest Internet population in the world, says ComScore. China now has 180 million Internet users, or about 18 percent of the worldwide cyberspace audience. The United States ranks second at 16.2 percent, followed by Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom. “Surpassing 1 billion global users is a significant landmark in the history of the Internet,” says ComScore CEO Magid Abraham. “The second billion will be online before we know it, and the third billion will arrive even faster than that.” The most popular site in the world was Google, with 777.9 million visitors. Google was followed by Microsoft sites (647 million visitors) and Yahoo sites (563 million visitors). Facebook has grown by 127 percent in the past year to 222 million visitors, according to ComScore, ranking Facebook as the top social networking site and the seventh most popular property overall.

5. "Clinton: Internet 'information curtain' is dropping" CNN.com - January 21, 2010 Washington (CNN) -- Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Thursday that a "new information curtain is descending across much of the world." In a speech on Internet freedom and security, Clinton also urged China to investigate a wave of cyber attacks against Google and other companies. The Internet and other technologies are critical to foreign policy, and those who engage in cyber attacks should face international condemnation, she said. "In an interconnected world, an attack on one nation's networks can be an attack on all," she said at The Newseum in Washington. Clinton made the comments as search-engine giant Google threatened to shut down its operations in China, five years after agreeing to allow some censorship in exchange for the right to work in that country's massive emerging technology market. Google charges that Chinese hackers have targeted Google and up to 34 other companies. Clinton has said that Google's allegations of censorship and online attacks by China raise "very serious concerns," and her agency has said it will file a formal protest over the company's complaints.

6. "The fastest and slowest Internet speeds in America" Jan 9, 2014 - by Reid Wilson - www.washingtonpost.com The tiny town of Ephrata, Wash., is home to just 7,664 residents. It has six public schools, an Amtrak station and one tiny newspaper, the Grant County Journal. It also has the fastest broadband Internet in America. Kansas City came in second, the study found, at an average speed of 49.9 Mbps. Both cities have help: Ephrata is home to iFiber Communications, a broadband company that covers four sparsely populated rural Washington counties. And in 2011, Google chose Kansas City to be the guinea pig in an experiment to bring ultra high-speed Internet access to metro areas.

7. TLDNewDeletedTransferredCurrent Total.COM112,20671,566130,654116,762,358.NET12,68010,78017,90115,123,975.ORG8,7846,1219,74110,553,984.INFO4,3754,0734,4095,481,798.BIZ1,1302,2501,7822,363,104.US1,2591,0119081,811,429 TOTALS140,43495,801165,395152,096,648 For the day of February 3, 2015 http://www.dailychanges.com/

8. Fortune 500 (year = 2009) RankRevenueProfit ($millions) 1 Exxon Mobil 442,85145,220 2 Wal-Mart Stores 405,607 13,400 3 Chevron 263,159 23,931 4 ConocoPhillips 230,764 -16,998 5 General Electric 183,207 17,410 8 AT&T 124,028 12,867 9 Hewlett-Packard 118,364 8,329 17 Verizon Communications 97,354 6,428 33 Dell 61,101 2,478 35 Microsoft 60,420 17,681 57 Cisco Systems 39,540 8,052 61 Intel 37,586 5,292 71 Apple 32,479 4,834 113 Oracle 22,430 5,521 117 Google 21,795 4,226

9. Fortune 500 (year = 2013) RankRevenueProfit ($millions) 1 Wal-Mart Stores 469,200 16,999 2 Exxon Mobil 449,90044,880 3 Chevron 233,900 26,179 4 Phillips 66 169,600 4,124 5Berkshire Hathaway162,50014,824 6Apple156,50041,733 11 AT&T 127,400 7,264 15Hewlett-Packard120,400-12,650 16Verizon Communications115,800 875 35Microsoft 73,70016,978 46Comcast 62,600 6,203 49Amazon.com 61,100 -39 51Dell 56,900 2,372 54Intel 53,30011,005 55Google 52,20010,737

10. Fortune 500 (year = 2014) Rank 1 Wal-Mart Stores 2 Exxon Mobil 3 Chevron 4Berkshire Hathaway 5Apple 11AT&T 16Verizon 17HP 23IBM 34Microsoft 35Amazon.com 44Comcast 46Google 53Intel 55Cisco 77Honeywell

11. SPAM Costs: some bandwidth  40% of email is SPAM consumes lots of disk space!!! CAN SPAM Act of 2003 The law permits e-mail marketers to send unsolicited commercial e-mail as long as it contains all of the following: an opt-out mechanism; a valid subject line and header (routing) information; the legitimate physical address of the mailer; and a label if the content is adult http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Spam_Act_of_2003 www.spam-uk.com/images/BlackPepperCan.jpg

12. SPAM Solutions Spam Filters - do they work? Black-listing ISPs that permit spam Possible New Legal Methods  require explicit opt-in of subscribers  require labeling of email advertising  add a cost to every email that is sent

13. Information Availability Censorship Content Control by Foreign Governments Porn on the Web in USA  CIPA (Congress v Librarians)  Google v. George W. Bush's White House Robots Exclusion Standard - robots.txt http://www.english-blog.com/images/English%20Teaching%20Censorship.gif

14. Net Neutrality - Quotes "There's going to have to be some mechanism for these [Internet upstarts] who use these pipes to pay for the portion they're using." "The Internet can't be free in that sense, because we and the cable companies have made an investment." Edward Whitacre, CEO of SBC "The Internet was designed with no gatekeepers over new content or services. A lightweight but enforceable neutrality rule is needed to ensure that the Internet continues to thrive." Vint Cerf co-inventor of the Internet Protocol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality

15. Net Neutrality - Rules FCC  pro-neutrality dates back to 1860 telegraph messages August 1, 2008  FCC voted 3-to-2 that Comcast had illegally inhibited users of its high-speed Internet service from using file-sharing software April 6, 2010  US Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia ruled that the FCC lacks the authority to force ISPs to keep their networks open to all forms of content

16. Net Neutrality - Rules December 2010  FCC Open Internet Order These regulations adopt an aggressive net neutrality stance towards fixed line broadband providers, but a more lenient approach towards wireless providers. section 8.7 - No Unreasonable Discrimination.  A person engaged in the provision of fixed broadband Internet access service, insofar as such person is so engaged, shall not unreasonably discriminate in transmitting lawful network traffic over a consumer’s broadband Internet access service. Reasonable network management shall not constitute unreasonable discrimination. January 14, 2014 D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Verizon The court said that because the FCC had previously placed broadband Internet service in a separate regulatory category from phone service, it lacked the legal justification to impose the Open Internet rules.

17. Net Neutrality - Legislation Internet Freedom Act of 2009  Introduced by Sen. John McCain in October 2009  Anti - Neutrality U.S. Senator John McCain today introduced legislation that would prohibit the Federal Communications Commission from enacting rules that would regulate the Internet. The Commission will meet today to determine whether the historically open architecture and free flow of the Internet should be subject to onerous federal regulation. Specifically, the Commission will seek to impose “net neutrality” rules that would reign in the network management practices of all Internet service providers, including wireless phone companies. This government takeover of the Internet will stifle innovation, in turn slowing our economic turnaround and further depressing an already anemic job market. Outside of health care, the technology industry is the nation’s fastest growing job market. Innovation and job growth in this sector of our economy is the key to America’s future prosperity. In 2008, while most industries were slashing jobs in the worst economy in nearly 30 years, high tech industries actually added over 77,000 good high-paying jobs. http://mccain.senate.gov/public/

18. eBay v. Bidder's Edge Bidder's Edge was an aggregate auction site. It had permission from eBay to crawl through eBay's site and build lists of goods. Then eBay stopped permitting Bidder's Edge to assemble eBay information. But, BE continued anyway stating that the info was not proprietary. Technically, the information does not belong to eBay. eBay can copyright the layout and organization of the data. eBay claimed BE was consuming costly CPU time The judge sided with eBay. "Ethics and Technology" by Tavani

19. Is your ISP responsible for your activities? Cubby Inc v. CompuServe Inc, 1991 The court held that although CompuServe did host defamatory content on its forums, CompuServe was merely a distributor, rather than a publisher, of the content. As a distributor, CompuServe could only be held liable for defamation if it knew, or had reason to know, of the defamatory nature of the content. Stratton Oakmont Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co., 1994 The Stratton court held that Prodigy was liable as the publisher of the content created by its users because it exercised editorial control over the messages on their bulletin boards in three ways: 1) by posting Content Guidelines for users, 2) by enforcing those guidelines with "Board Leaders", and 3) by utilizing screening software designed to remove offensive language.

20. Is your ISP responsible for your activities? SOPA, October 2011  Stop Online Piracy Act  easier to get court orders to require ISPs and search engines block access to sites that contain illegal Intellectual Property  current status of the bill : stuck in committee

21. Exercises 1. Are pop-up blockers unethical? 2. A female employee regularly receives sexually-oriented spam on her work email. Is her company responsible?

22. Exercises 3. Should American companies (for example: CISCO, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, etc.) cooperate with the communist Chinese government's efforts to censor free speech?

23. Next Class… Intellectual Property Rights  When is internet file sharing legal?  Can I copyright software?  Can Dannelly legally put the Nike swoosh in his powerpoint slides?