1. Animal Behavior
Ethology

2. Kinds of Animal Behavior
Instinct – innate behavior
Fixed action patterns (FAP)- innate behaviors that follow a regular, unvarying pattern.
Imprinting- a specific behavior that is acquired only if the appropriate stimulus is experienced during a critical period.
Associative learning – learns that two or more events are connected
Classical conditioning- Pavlov’s dog
operant conditioning – trial-and-error learning

3. Types of Animal Behavior ctd.
Habituation – learned behavior that allows the animal to disregard meaningless stimuli
Observational learning – animals copy the behavior of another animal without having experiences any prior positive reinforcement with the behavior.
Insight – when an animal exposed to a new situation and without any prior relevant experience performs a behavior that generates a desirable outcome.

7. Animal Movement
Kinesis (pl., kineses) undirected change in speed of an animal’s movement in response to a stimulus.
Taxis (pl., taxes) directed movement in response to a stimulus. Either toward or away from the stimulus.
Migration long-distance, seasonal movement of animals. In response to availability of food or degradation of the environment or both.

8. Communication in Animals
Chemicals - pheromones
Releaser Pheromones – chemicals that cause immediate and specific behavioral changes.
Primer pheromones those that cause physiological changes. .

9. Tactile – social bonding, infant care, grooming, and mating
Visual
Courtship displays
Agonistic behaviors – aggression
Auditory – sounds to communicate over long distances, through water, and at night.
Tactile – social bonding, infant care, grooming, and mating

10. Foraging Behaviors Packs – increase success in attacking large prey
Herds, flocks, and schools
Better concealment
Vigilance
Defense
Search images-

11. Social Behavior Agonistic behavior – aggression
Dominance hierarchies - minimize fighting for food and mates.
Territoriality –
Altruistic behavior –
Inclusive fitness – includes the fitness of the individual plus the fitness of relatives .
Kin selection