1. Sara Hsu

2.  Environmental Kuznets Curve  Some evidence of this, but alternative results

3.  Ashio Copper Mine  Post-WWI industrialization policies made pollution problem apparent  Civil society increasingly opposed to pollution  Water Quality Conservation Law of 1958  Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control of 1967  Environment Agency

4.  Large problem with pollution, natural resource usage  Severe water pollution  Stockholm Conference of 1972  Economic growth and industrial agglomeration  Emissions  Water pollution-Class IV rivers

6.  “Polluter pays” fees  National Environmental Protection Agency  Environmental policies have increased  But enforcement is the problem  Green energy technology

7.  Population pressures and environmental degradation  High levels of pollution in ten major industrial hubs  Environmental policies starting in 1970s  Department of Environment set up in 1980  Voluntary emissions controls for firms

10.  Pollution has been a nasty side effect of the industrialization in all three countries  The countries have put in place laws to curb pollution, although the extent to which these laws are enforced varies by country.

11.  The Chinese government has admitted for the first time that so called ‘cancer villages’ exist, as decades of pollution take their toll on the health of Chinese citizens. For years environmental campaigners in China have said that cancer rates in villages near factories and polluted rivers are far higher than they should be.  “In recent years, toxic and hazardous chemical pollution has caused many environmental disasters, cutting off drinking water supplies, and even leading to severe health and social problems such as ‘cancer villages’,” the document says, which was published in the 12th five-year plan for tackling pollution.  The plan also outlines a clampdown on the use of 58 types of toxic chemicals. Many chemicals are produced and consumed in China, which are banned in many developed nations. The document continues to warn that China is facing a grave situation in terms of chemical pollution control, including a lack of pollution risk control by enterprises, a lack of policies to stop the use of highly toxic and dangerous chemicals and insufficient pollution monitoring by the authorities, the state news agency Xinhua reported on Friday.

12.  Questions?