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Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) To be presented at the UNESCO Regional Seminar on Secondary Education in Africa Addis Ababa,

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Presentation on theme: "Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) To be presented at the UNESCO Regional Seminar on Secondary Education in Africa Addis Ababa,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) To be presented at the UNESCO Regional Seminar on Secondary Education in Africa Addis Ababa, 21-24 November 2005 Articulation of Post-Primary Education and Skills Development: National Qualification Frameworks of South Africa, Namibia and Mauritius by Hans Krönner

2 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 2 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

3 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 3 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

4 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 4 Range of post-primary learning Range fromto TypeFormalNon-Formal Delivering agencyPublic Sector Non-governmental, employer MonitoringGovernmentPrivate (or none) Place of learning Schools and training institutions Workplace Delivery patternClassroom delivery Open and distance learning, e-learning Educational objective Individual and social development, life skills Employability, occupational capabilities

5 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 5 Scope of secondary education “Many countries … are faced with the urgent need to expand and reinforce secondary education, including technical and vocational education and training …” UNESCO 33C/5 Draft, Programme I.4 “Supporting post-primary education systems”

6 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 6 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

7 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 7 What is a National QF?  A system of credits for learning outcomes.  A learning outcome is a capability … reflecting an integration of knowledge and skill which can be understood, applied and transferred to different contexts.  The achievement of a qualification … is not dependent on attendance at particular courses, but by a learner accumulating credit on.. learning outcomes defined by full-time, part-time or distance learning, by work-based learning or … assessment of prior learning. (Samuels 2000)

8 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 8 Role of NQFs: UNESCO Perspective “Governments should consider establishing a system of equivalencies whereby credit is given for completion of any approved programme, and recognition is granted to educational and/ or professional qualifications and work experience …” UNESCO Revised Recommendation on TVE (2001) para 15

9 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 9 Role of NQFs: ILO Perspective “Members should … develop a NQF to facilitate lifelong learning, … guide individuals in their choice of training and career and facilitate the recognition of prior learning and previously acquired skills, competencies and experience …” ILO Recommendation 195 Concerning Human Resources Development: Education, Training and Lifelong Learning (2004), para 5

10 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 10 National versus Regional QFs National QF:  An instrument for the development and classification of qualifications according to a set of criteria for levels of learning achieved. (OECD definition) Regional QF:  A meta-framework that enables users to see how qualifications embedded in different national systems relate to one another. (European Communities)

11 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 11 Regional Framework relating NQFs Source: Commission of the European Communities, SEC(2005)957, 08.07.2005

12 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 12 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

13 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 13 Rationale for Qualification Frameworks  The challenge for secondary education:  Diversification of content  Adaptation of content to local needs  Diversification of learning patterns  But at the same time:  Articulation  Vertical and horizontal progression of learners  Coherent system for assessment and certification of learning achievements

14 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 14 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

15 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 15 The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Mozambique Zimbabwe United Republic of Tanzania Botswana Namibia Angola Zambia Malawi Lesotho Swaziland Mauritius Democratic Republic of the Congo South Africa

16 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 16 Progress in NQF Development Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3a Stage 3b Stage 4 Angola Botswana D.R. Congo Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia South Africa Swaziland U.R. Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

17 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 17 NQF Structure: South Africa NQF Level Band 8 Higher Education and Training (HET) 7 6 5 4 Further Education and Training (FET) 3 2 1 General Education and Training (GET)

18 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 18 NQF Structure: Mauritius Level Primary / Secondary TVET / Workplace Tertiary ………… 5 HSC / GCE ‘A’ BAC / IBAC Certificate… 4 3 SC / GCE ‘O’ 2 1 Certificate of Primary Education

19 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 19 NQF Structure: Namibia10 Doctoral Degree 9 Masters Degree 8 BachelorProfessional 7 Bachelor Degree 6 5 4 3 2 1 NQF Level Certificates Diplomas

20 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 20 NQF Level Descriptors: Namibia LevelDescriptor …… 4 … theoretical concepts or in-depth applied knowledge and skills … … wide range of technical or scholastical skills … 3 … some theoretical knowledge....… range of well-developed skills … 2 … basic operational knowledge using readily available information … 1 … narrow range of knowledge and technical skills …

21 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 21 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

22 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 22 Scope: Education and Training (1) Types of relationship within NQF:  Unified: All systems are integrated  Linked: Separate systems, but with common structures for transferability  Tracked: Separate systems with limited transferability

23 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 23 Scope: Education and Training ( 2)  South Africa: Highly unified scope, bridging “theory” (general education) and “application” (vocational education and training).  Namibia: Comprehensive QF covering education and training; bridges between academic education and vocational training.  Mauritius: Covering general academic as well as TVET; however, concentration on harmonizing various patterns of vocational training.

24 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 24 Overview 1.Scope of post-primary education 2.What are Qualifications Frameworks? 3.Why are QFs being developed? 4.NQFs in the SADC region 5.The scope of NQFs in SADC 6.Conclusions for secondary education?

25 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 25 Conclusions ? What is the message that NQF experience in SADC conveys for the scope and design of secondary education in your country?

26 Addis Ababa 21-24 November 2005 Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA): National Qualification Frameworks in the SADC Region 26 Acknowledgements Materials used in this presentation are based on a paper by Jakes Swartland, with contributions from:  Mauritius Qualifications Authority  Namibia Qualifications Authority  South African Qualifications Authority

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