1. Radiological and Experimental Facilities Based On INR Proton LINAC Institute for nuclear research of RAS, Moscow 117312, Russia Sergey Akulinichev, Leonid Kravchuk, Victor Matveev

2. Facilities at the Linac and the Experimental Complex of INR to Exp.Hall from linac RADEX Proton Therapy Linac H+ H- BM Isotope production Proton linac Experimental Hall MDDESD TWD RFQ INSNS (INS)  The H+, H- linac  Isotope production facility at 160 MeV proton beam  High intensity neutron sources: RADEX and INS  Proton and neutron therapy facilities

3. The INR Linac Proton Beam Parameters   Beam energy 140 - 600 MeV (450 MeV)   Beam current 0.1 nA - 0.5 mA ( 0.1 mA )   Beam pulse duration (TWD) 0.25 - 180 mks   Pulse frequency 1 - 100 Hz (50 Hz)

4. The Isotope Production Facility Proton Beam Parameters.   Beam energy 160 MeV.   Beam current up to 0.5 mA ( 0.1 mA ).   Beam pulse duration 60 - 180 mks.   Pulse frequency 1 - 100 Hz.  Isotope production (Pd 103, Sr 82-Rb, Cu 67, Sn 117 and others).

5. Beam Microstructure  The traveling wave deflectors operate at the 400 keV injector beam line.  Can form the necessary beam shape inside the macro-impulse (180 µs) of the beam with the 10-20 ns front times. The deflecting field is 3-5 kV.  Is involved in the Safety system of the INR linac.  Is used to adjust the needed beam frequency 0-100 Hz.  Is used as a beam dump. Beam RADEX Tg 180 mks Beam Spectro- meter MDD field Beam TWD Beam Injector Time diagram of deflector operation

6. RADEX Impulse Neutron Source for Material Science.   Target W+Н 2 O (  32  40 cm) creates the neutron flow to horizontal and vertical channels.   Beam pulse duration 0.25-180 mks.   Beam frequency 1-100 Hz.   Neutron intensity  2·10 15 n/s ( < 15 MeV ), ~1.5·10 14 n/s (15 – 300 MeV ).   Neutron spectra has an evaporation form with about 9% of cascade neutrons.

7. Impulse Neutron Source   Neutron intensity ~10 16 n/s   7 channels with  204 mm and 10 m length   Beam pulse duration 0.25-180 mks   Beam frequency 1-100 Hz   Neutron energy ~ 0.025 - 20·10 6 eV  TOF Spectrometer (Pb cube, C prism )  Neutron energy 1 eV - 30 keV. Neutron intensity ~10 6 n/cm 2 /s near the cube surface with ~1 mkA proton beam current  Beam pulse duration 0.25-180 mks  Frequency 1-100 Hz

8. Facilities for Particle Therapy in Russia 50 Institute Beam energy, MeV Beam pulse, mks Pulse frequency, Hz Patients treated ITEP, Moscow 70-2000,14< 13500 PINP, St.Peter. 1000300401200 JINR, Dubna 66030250200 INR, Troitsk 74-2470,2-18050-100- Since facilities for particle therapy are quite complicated and expensive, most of working hadrontherapy centers are still based on physical research institutes. Also it helps to coordinate efforts of medical and physical scientists. In Russia only the accelerator in Troitsk fits all basic requirements of proton therapy for beam parameters (the energy range, duration and frequency of pulses).

9. Radiological Facilities at INR  Proton therapy: The proton linac (energy 74 – 247 MeV, beam current 1 nA-1mkA).  Medical isotope production at the INR linac (Pd 103, Sr 82-Rb, Cu 67, Sn 117 and others).  Neutron therapy: High intensity neutron sources (~10 9 n/cm 2 /s).  Photon therapy: The electron linear accelerator SL-75-5-МТ (energy up to 6 MeV).

10. The Medical Electron Linear Accelerator SL-75-5-МТ  The maximal energy of photons – 6 МV.  The maximal doze in the isocenter – 5 Gray/min.  Irradiation field in the isocenter – 40x40 cm.  Capacity- up to 50 patients per day. The boost method (γ+p) will allow to increase the overall performance of the proton linac.

11. Unique Devices and Systems for Radiotherapy at INR Unique devices and systems for radiotherapy were designed and created in INR:  Universal and very precise (10 mkm at 40x40x30 cm) computer-driven treatment chair for the fixation of patient in any position,  Unique for their transparency and sensitivity narrow-gap (~2mm) air ionization chambers of radial- oriented polyimide films,  The digital x-ray patient centration system.

12. Ambulatory of INR Radiological Centre Supply systems:  System of independent water purification,  System of independent power supply,  Central air conditioning. The X-ray laboratory for topometry and therapy is under construction. Capacity: 50 patients per day. Personnel: 15-20. The indoor area: 550 м 2.

13. Perspectives of the Radiological Centre Projected 2-nd stage of the Radiological center will have: Projected 2-nd stage of the Radiological center will have: an additional treatment room with vertical and horizontal beams of protons, an additional treatment room with vertical and horizontal beams of protons, laboratory for diagnostics and therapy with radionuclides laboratory for diagnostics and therapy with radionuclides Full circle of the isotope production Full circle of the isotope production Treatment room for neutron capturing therapy Treatment room for neutron capturing therapy Together with the Hospital of RAS, the Medical Complex in Troitsk will be one of the biggest radiological centres in Russia. Together with the Hospital of RAS, the Medical Complex in Troitsk will be one of the biggest radiological centres in Russia.

14. Perspectives of the Radiological Centre   The INR Radiological centre may become an universal radiological centre, where most modern methods of radiology and radiobiology will be developed and applied. The linac properties (the possibility to vary the energy and the intensity of beams in a wide range) provide as the proton therapy, as also other main methods of radiology: brachytherapy, diagnostics and therapy with radiopharmaceuticals and the neutron - capture therapy.   As a part of the Medical Complex in Troitsk it will be one of the biggest radiological centers in Russia. Based on possibilities of physical research Institute and the Hospital, it will be a place there medical and physical scientists can work together.   The possibility of the simultaneous operation of isotope production facility, installations of experimental hall and proton treatment increases considerably the economical effectiveness of linac operation. Concluding,