1. RDMS CMS Meeting Moscow State University Moscow, 19 December 2001 Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz Institute for High Energy Physics of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Nikolsdorfergasse 18, A-1050 Vienna, Austria CMS Physics Status

2. Physics Goals of CMS Standard Model physics QCD, electroweak theory (Higgs, W, Z, Top, Jets, …)Supersymmetry SUSY Higgses, sparticles,... Other extensions of the Standard Model Compositeness, technicolor, leptoquarks, new heavy vector bosons, extra dimensions,...B-physics CP violation, B 0 -B 0 oscillations, rare B-decays,... Heavy Ion physics Quark-Gluon Plasma Soft physics  total, elastic scattering, diffraction New phenomena

3. Top quark mass determination Reconstructed top-mass from bqq’ - Expected total error for 10 fb -1 : No dangerous background Systematic uncertainty of top p T -spectrum dominates (< 400 MeV) ~  m t < 900 MeV ~ pp -> tt ->(bW + )(bW - )-> -> 2 b-Jets + 2 light quark jets + - - L. Sonnenschein, E. Boos, S. Slabospitsky et al.

4. Standard Model Higgs Branching ratios Total decay width

5. Discovery Strategy for the Standard Model Higgs At LHC the SM Higgs is accessible in the entire mass range from the present LEP limit of 114.1 GeV up to 1 TeV. Depending on mass different decay channels must be used: 100 GeV  in incl. prod.,WH, ttH 90 GeV bb in WH, ttH 130 GeV ZZ* -> 4 (leptons) 140 GeV WW->  200 GeV ZZ-> 4 500 GeV ZZ -> 2 + 2 m H ~ 1 TeVH -> WW -> + 2 Jets m H ~ 1 TeV H -> ZZ-> 2 + 2 Jets The following channels are under study (see A. Nikitenko): m H ~ 130 GeVqq -> qqH with H ->  - - -

6. H ->  The crystal electromagnetic calorimeter has been optimized for this channel. Mass resolution  m H /m H < 1% needed. Irreducible backgrounds at m  = 100 GeV: qq ->  gg ->  Isolated bremsstrahlung Main reducible background:  + jet with “jet” =  0 ->  less than 15% of irreducible background

7. H ->  Background subtracted

8. H -> bb - This channel and H ->  are only way to explore the 115 GeV mass region! NB: WH production perhaps accessible for very high luminosities (300 fb -1 ). Only associated production is feasible! Problems with background and trigger! Event selection: 1 isolated e or , 6 jets of which 4 must have a b-tag. Reconstruction of both t’s by kinematic fit necessary to suppress combinatorial bb background. Backgrounds: ttZ, ttbb, ttjj Results for m H = 115 GeV: S/√B = 5.3,  m/m H = 3.8% - - - - - ttH -> ± qqbbbb - - - V. Drollinger, Th. Müller

9. H -> ZZ* -> 4 Need good tracker, ECAL and muon system as Higgs width is small (  m H < 1 GeV) for m H < 2m Z. In this mass range the main backgrounds are tt, Zbb (reducible) and ZZ*/Z  continuum production (irreducible). Lepton isolation, dilepton mass cuts and impact parameter cuts are used for background suppression. 100 fb -1 - -

10. H -> WW -> +  for m H ~ 2m W For m H = 170 GeV the BR is about 100 times larger than in H->ZZ*->4. Can make use of W + W - spin correlations to suppress “irreducible” background. Look for  + - - pair with small opening angle. M. Dittmar

11. H -> WW -> + The mass can only be determined indirectly from rates and shapes. The tt and Wtb backgrounds can be reduced by a jet veto. - -

12. H -> WW -> + 5  discovery can be made with 30 fb -1 in the mass range 130 to 190 GeV.

13. H ->,  jj, jj As Higgs width increases and production rates fall with higher masses one must use channels with larger branching ratios. Need to select leptons, jets and missing energy.

14. CMS 5  5  - Contours Significance for 100 fb -1 Summary of Standard Model Higgs in CMS

15. Supersymmetry SUSY Particle Production

16. The Higgs Sector in the MSSM The MSSM has 5 Higgs bosons: h 0, H 0, A 0 and H ±. 2 parameters needed to fix properties: m A, tan . In the limit of large m A the couplings of h 0 are similar to SM. Couplings of A and H to quarks of 1/3 charge and leptons enhanced at large tan . A does not couple to WW, ZZ. Couplings of H to WW and ZZ for large m A and tan  are suppressed. The following decay channels can be used as for the SM Higgs: h, A ->  (for m A < 2 m t due to branching ratio) h, H -> ZZ* (no H -> ZZ at large mass since BR too low) The following decay channels open up: H, A ->  (  -channels enhanced over SM for large tan  ) H, A -> hh; A -> Zh; A -> A, H -> sparticles H ± -> , tb Weak boson fusion channels qq -> qqHiggs under study: h,H ->  ; H ->  ; h, H -> WW -> ; h ->  0  0 (A. Nikitenko et al.)

17. H/A ->  Due to high rates this channel can be observed over a large region of parameter space. Useable final states:  (-> e e  )  (->    )  (-> h ±  0 ’s  )  (->  )  (-> h ±  0 ’ s  )  (-> h   0 ’ s  ) Main backgrounds: Z,  * bb, tt, W + jets, Z + jets, QCD lepton + jet misidentified as  (for lepton + hadron final state) - -

18. Mass Determination for H/A ->  Mass reconstructed assuming directions parallel to lepton and  -jet.

19. H/A ->  BR smaller than that for  -channel by (m  /m  ) 2. This is somewhat compensated by better resolution for  ’s. Useful for large tan .

20. Dominant decay to. Problem is triggering: need soft muons in jets. Sensitivity for tan  < 3 and 250 GeV < m A < 2 m t. Easier to trigger is the channel H -> hh ->  +  -. In MSSM most of the accessible region is excluded by LEP, but in more general models this channel might be relevant. H -> hh ->  can be triggered on, but rates are low. Background is small, however, and there is a convincing sharp peak in the  mass distribution. H -> hh

21. A, H -> tt This is the dominant decay channel for large masses. Background comes from QCD tt production. It is large, but significant signal can be extracted if background can be correctly estimated. The search is based on the WWbb final state, with one W decaying leptonically. The trigger requires an isolated lepton. In the analysis 2 b-jets are required in addition. Determination of mass will be difficult as there is no observable mass peak. The mode is likely to be used as a confirmation of a signal seen in other channels. - - -

22. A -> Zh Can use the leptonic decay of the Z in the trigger. In the analysis 2 electrons (muons) with E T > 20 GeV (p T > 5 GeV) of invariant mass within ± 6 GeV of the Z peak and 2 jets with E T > 40 GeV are required. One or two b-tags are also required. Background comes mainly from tt and Zbb events (for smaller m A ). Signal to background ratio is quite good for moderate m A and small tan , but this region is already excluded in MSSM by LEP. --

23. Charged Higgs - - In the MSSM the decay t -> bH ± may compete with the Standard Model t -> bW ± if kinematically allowed. H ± decays to  or cs depending on tan . Over most of the range 1  dominates. The signal for H ± production is therefore an excess of  ’s in tt events. The  polarization leads to harder pions from  ->  than from W decays. For 30 fb -1 the discovery range is almost independent of tan  for m A < 160 GeV. If mass of H ± is larger than m t it cannot be produced in t-decays. It can be produced by gb -> tH ±, gg -> tbH ±, qq’ -> H ±. Again the search focusses on the decay H ± -> . One can use the decay t -> bqq so that E T miss gets contribution only from H ± decay resulting in a Jacobian peak. ~ -

24. Charged Higgs Transverse mass reconstructed from  -jet and E T miss for pp -> tH ± tan  = 20 gb -> tH ±, H ± -> , t -> qqb R.Kinnunen

25. Charged Higgs qq’ -> H ± with H ± ->  is difficult because of large background from qq’ -> W -> . The  -polarizaton method must be used. The Higgs mass and tan  can be extracted using fits to the transverse mass distributions. Selection of gb -> tH ± with H ± -> tb requires an isolated lepton from one of the t’s. The Higgs signal is extracted by tagging of 3 b-jets, reconstruction of the leptonic and hadronic t-decays and reconstructing the mass from a t and one b-jet. Identification of Higgs peak is difficult as background is concentrated in the signal area. - -

26. 5  mass reach for MSSM Higgses for 30 fb -1

27. SUSY Higgs to Sparticles If neutralinos/charginos are light the branching ratios of H and A into these sparticles is sizeable. Most promising with respect to background are channels with leptonic decays of the sparticles:  2 0 ->  1 0 + - and  1 + ->  1 0 +  Signal: A, H ->  2 0  2 0 -> 4 + X Backgrounds: SM:ZZ, Zbb, Zcc, tt, Wtb SUSY:q/g,,, q ,  In the following only the case m( ) > m(  2 0 ) will be considered. ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~ - - - - ~ ~

28. SUSY Higgs to Sparticles 100 fb -1 Signal Background (mainly SUSY) tan  = 5 m A = 350 GeV F. Moortgat

29. SUSY Higgs to Sparticles Excluded by LEP tan  m A (GeV) 5  significance contours MSSM parameters: M(  1 0 ) = 60 GeV, M(  2 0 ) = 120 GeV,  = - 500 GeV, m( ) = 250 GeV, m(q,g) = 1000 GeV ~ ~~ 30 fb -1 100 fb -1 A, H ->  2 0  2 0 -> 4 + X ~~ ~ ~

30. SUSY Higgses in CMS 5  significance contours

31. Sparticles If SUSY is relevant to electroweak symmetry breaking then gluino and squark masses should be of order 1 TeV. As in general many SUSY particles are produced simultaneously, a model with a consistent set of masses and branching ratios must be used in the simulations. Traditionally CMS uses the Supergravity (SUGRA) model, which assumes that gravity is responsible for the mediation of SUSY breaking. Another possible model is the Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking Model (GMSB) which assumes that Standard Model gauge interactions are responsible for the breaking.

32. Sparticles Supersymmetric particles may have striking signatures due to cascade decays, leading to final states with leptons, jets and missing energy. Shown here is a qq event: q ->  2 0 q q ->  1 ± q   1 0  ~ ~ ~ ee 10e10e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

33. Squarks and Gluinos They dominate the SUSY production cross section and contribute about 10 pb for masses around 1 TeV. In minimal SUGRA they give rise to E T miss from  1 0 ’s plus multiple jets and a variable number of leptons from the gauginos. The charges of the leptons can be used to extract signals, even in the CMS level-1 trigger. The figure shows results for the channels n leptons + E T miss + > 2 jets ~

34. Squarks and Gluinos The figure shows the q, g mass reach for various luminosities in the inclusive E T miss + jets channel. ~ ~ 1 year at 10 34 cm -2 s -1 1 year at 10 33 cm -2 s -1 1 week at 10 33 cm -2 s -1 1 month at 10 33 cm -2 s -1

35. Gluino reconstruction M. Chiorboli ~ ~ bb g pp  (26 %) (35 %) (0.2 %)    0 1 ~ ~ (60 %) p p b b Event final state:  2 high p t isolated leptons OS  2 high p t b jets missing E t

36. Gluino reconstruction Result of fit: Generated mass: M. Chiorboli + sign  0A0A0 10 tan  250 GeVm 1/2 100 GeVm0m0

37. Charginos, Neutralinos, Sleptons Example for Drell-Yan production of  1 ±  2 0 : qq -> W* ->  1 ±  2 0 ->  1 0 +  1 0 + - Search in 3 and no jets channels, possibly also with E T miss. Backgrounds: tt, WZ, ZZ, Zbb, bb, other SUSY channels In SUGRA the decay products of SUSY particles always contain  1 0 ’s. Kinematic endpoints for combinations of visible particles can be used to identify particular decay chains. Examples: + - mass distribution from  2 0 ->  1 0 + - has sharp edge at the endpoint which measures m(  2 0 ) - m(  1 0 );  2 0 -> ±  ->  1 0 + - has different shape with an edge at the endpoint which measures the square root of: [m 2 (  2 0 ) - m 2 ( )] [m 2 ( ) - m 2 (  1 0 )] m 2 ( ) ~ ~~ ~ - - - ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

38. Neutralino and Slepton Mass Determination Final state with: 3, no jets, E T miss L. Rurua

39. Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking LSP = Gravitino (G)NLSP = neutralino (N 1 ) or stau (  ) Long-lived  looks like heavy (nonrelativistic) muon Neutralinos decaying far from interaction point give non-pointing  ’s ~ ~ ~ ~ Experimental possibilities    

40. ~ Neutralino life time measurement If the N 1 -> G  decay happens inside the muon system, the photon will develop an electromagnetic shower. ~ ~ ~ CMS can measure N 1 c  from 1 cm to 1 km for scenarios with  SUSY > 100 fb M. Kazana, G. Wrochna, P. Zalewski

41. Mass measurement of long-lived staus Method: TOF in Muon Barrel Drift Tubes -> 1/  -> mass GMSB scenarios: n=3 (gaugino masses are related to sfermion masses via √n), M/  = 200 (  …effective scale of MSSM SUSY breaking, M…messenger mass), tan  = 45,  SUSY = 1fb … 1pb, q,g masses (1..4) TeV,  mass (90…700) GeV ~ ~ ~ ~ CMS can measure  mass from 90 to 700 GeV with L = 100 fb -1. Upper limit corresponds to  SUSY = 1 fb and q,g masses of ~ 4 TeV. ~ ~

42. Summary Standard Model physics will still be an interesting topic. The top mass will be well measured. The Standard Model Higgs can be discovered over the entire expected mass range up to about 1 TeV with 100 fb -1. The most plausible part below 200 GeV mass can be explored with several channels. Most of the MSSM Higgs boson parameter space can be explored with 100 fb -1, all of it can be covered with 300 fb -1. The mass reach for squarks and gluinos is in excess of 2 to 2.5 TeV (m 0 < 2 to 3 TeV, m 1/2 < 1 TeV) for all tan  within mSUGRA. Sleptons can be detected up to 400 GeV mass in direct searches.  1 0 can be found up to 600 GeV mass. GMSB scenarios have been studied. Neutralino lifetime and long-lived stau mass measurements can be performed. ~

43. Summary If electroweak symmetry breaking proceeds via new strong interactions many resonances and new exotic particles will certainly be seen New gauge bosons with masses less than a few TeV can be discovered Signals for extra dimensions will be revealed if the relevant scale is in the TeV range A Beauty physics programme is envisaged. Precise determination of sin2 , study of B s -B s oscillations and rare B-decays (e.g. B ->  ) can be performed Quark-Gluon-Plasma signatures can be studied within the Heavy Ion programme -