2. The Twenties Chapter 11 Honors US History

3. The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict

4. Age of Prosperity Economic Economic expansion Mass Mass Production Assembly Assembly Line, Interchangeable Parts, and Division of Labor Age Age of the Automobile Ailing Ailing Agriculture…

5. Consumerism Rise of a Consumer Culture Rise of a Consumer Culture –Case Example: Detroit’s Automobile Industry –Henry Ford – Ford Motor Company »Assembly Line – allows more cars to be produced in the same amount of labor hours »Increases productivity »Makes cars more affordable

6. Consumer Economy

7. New Payment Plans Installment Plans Installment Plans –Allows a consumer to get the product immediately and pay it off in “installments” over time. Credit Credit –Allows a consumer to get the product immediately and pay off the cost of it over time WITH INTEREST

8. Credit Card Example Credit Card with 5.9% APR Credit Card with 5.9% APR –Susie buys a dress for $500 in March »Makes the minimum payment ($20) in March $500-$20=$480 x.059 = $28.32+$480= $508.32 $500-$20=$480 x.059 = $28.32+$480= $508.32 »Makes the minimum payment ($20) in April $508.32-$20=$488.32 x.059 = $28.81+$488.32 = $517.13 $508.32-$20=$488.32 x.059 = $28.81+$488.32 = $517.13 »Makes the minimum payment ($20) in May $517.13-$20=$497.13 x.059 = $29.33+$497.13 = $526.46 $517.13-$20=$497.13 x.059 = $29.33+$497.13 = $526.46

9. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

10. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

11. Jazz Age Presidents All Republicans HardingCoolidgeHoover All believed in Laissez-Faire

13. The Business of Government Harding and Coolidge 11.2

14. Republican Power President Harding President Harding Elected 1920 Elected 1920 Legacy of Scandals Legacy of Scandals “Teapot Dome” “Teapot Dome” Died in office Died in office

16. President Coolidge “The business of America is business.” Fordney- McCumber Tariff Smoot-Hawley Tariff (Hoover – signed it) No help for farmers Foreign Policy

18. Outlawing/Preventing War Washington Naval Conference Washington Naval Conference Limit Capital Ships-Battleships Limit Capital Ships-Battleships Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in pacific (U.S., Japan, England, France) Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in pacific (U.S., Japan, England, France) Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S. and Britain able to have the most. Japan did not like also outlawed use of poison gas. Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S. and Britain able to have the most. Japan did not like also outlawed use of poison gas. Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door Policy Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door Policy Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nations Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nations

19. Billy Mitchell Need for air power Need for air power Court Martial Court Martial

20. Dawes Plan

21. Social and Cultural Tensions Honors US History 11.3

22. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers Science vs. Religion John Scopes High School Biology teacher

24. Nativism Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the nativist movement achieves power. Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the nativist movement achieves power. Immigration is restricted. Immigration is restricted. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial Sacco and Vanzetti Trial –Highlighted the power of nativism.

25. The New Immigrants

26. Qualities of the New Immigrants More diversity in religion and ethnicity More diversity in religion and ethnicity –Catholics, Jews, Orthodox Christians Left Europe because of religious persecution and poverty Left Europe because of religious persecution and poverty Lured by new jobs in America Lured by new jobs in America

27. Immigrant Discrimination Persecuted by Nativists Persecuted by Nativists –Argued that immigrants: »Increased poverty »Brought crime »Stole American jobs –Hated their different culture

28. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values this fear was known as NATIVISM this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S. basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

29. The Ku Klux Klan Great increase In power Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic 1915 “It is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true” – Woodrow Wilson

30. Prohibition 18 th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters Al Capone

31. Reasons for Prohibition Proposed by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Proposed by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) –Thought it would cure society’s problems (domestic abuse). –Thought it would increase industrial productivity, so factory owners favored it.

32. Noble Experiment Gone Wrong Drove drinking underground and added a rebellious aspect to it. Drove drinking underground and added a rebellious aspect to it. –Alcohol became dangerous due to unregulated drinks.

33. Gangs Organized Crime and Bootlegging Organized Crime and Bootlegging –Gave gangs a tremendous source of income which increased their strength.

34. Bootleggers “Bathtub Gin” A Secret Tunnel for Booze

35. Speakeasies and Blind Pigs

36. Al Capone Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago. Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago. –Extremely popular with the common people. Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Treasury Department (Untouchables). Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Treasury Department (Untouchables). –Capone convicted of tax evasion even though he was responsible for hundreds of deaths.

37. Enforcing the Volstead Act Al Capone and the Deputy Chief of the Chicago Police

39. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement in WWI, temperance became a patriotic theme - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded in WWI, temperance became a patriotic theme - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded Volstead Act-no consumption Volstead Act-no consumption a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment forced organized crime to pursue other interests… forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

40. A New Mass Culture Honors US 11.4

41. Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

43. Rudolph Valentino

44. Charlie Chaplin

45. Mary Pickford

46. Douglass Fairbanks

47. Clark Gable

48. Clara Bow

49. The Jazz Singer

51. Heroes of Sport

52. Celebrities Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb Jack Dempsey Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis

54. Heroes of Aviation

56. 1920's also brought about great changes for women... 1920's also brought about great changes for women... 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman" characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman" –(bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

58. The Flappers Flappers – name for a woman who defied traditional feminine ideals. Flappers – name for a woman who defied traditional feminine ideals. –Smoked and Drank –Went dancing in nightclubs –Exposed more skin in dress –Wore bobby-style haircuts –Attended petting parties »A woman could now use her sexuality to empower herself.

59. Flapper

61. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers make up cigarettes short skirts Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington George Gershwin Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway

62. “The Lost Generation”

63. Lost Generation

64. 11.5 Harlem Renaissance I. Great Migration – - Why? - Problems? Why? - need workers during WWI to fill jobs

65. Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

67. Harlem – 1920’s population in New York grows to 200,000 African Americans. W.E.B. DuBois - NAACP - “The Crisis”

68. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association believed in Black pride believed in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

69. What was the purpose of the NAACP? How does it differ from the UNIA? Why do you think poor African Americans were attracted to UNIA?

70. Harlem Renaissance New York City’s Harlem neighborhood gets a huge population boom due to the Great Migration. New York City’s Harlem neighborhood gets a huge population boom due to the Great Migration. Harlem will become the center of an African-American cultural re-birth. Harlem will become the center of an African-American cultural re-birth.

71. Harlem Renaissance – Why Now? Blacks feel a sense of unity and pride in their own distinct neighborhood in Harlem away from white oppression. Blacks feel a sense of unity and pride in their own distinct neighborhood in Harlem away from white oppression. A number of white publishing companies started to agree to publish black literature and record black music. A number of white publishing companies started to agree to publish black literature and record black music. –White people as well as blacks became fans of the new black art styles.

72. Music of Harlem Jazz – completely American form of music defined by improvisation and creativity, not rules. Jazz – completely American form of music defined by improvisation and creativity, not rules.

73. Jazz Jazz -not defined by rules, known for spirit of creativity -blended other forms of music Savoy Ballroom Cotton Club

75. Harlem Renaissance -theme of defiance/resistance A. Literature 1. James Weldon Johnson 2. Claude McKay 3. Langston Hughes - also wrote of hope 4. Zora Neale Hurston

76. Paul Robeson Countee Cullen Claude McKay Langston Hughes William H. Johnson

77. Art of Harlem

78. Paul Robeson

79. Josephine Baker