1. Italian Physical Society International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi”

3. CP Violation Topics to be covered Lecture 1 1.Introduction Why study CP violation? Grand view - Sakharov's ideas 2. Symmetries Mechanics Electrodynamics Quantum mechanics time reversal operator anti-unitary operator

4. Lecture ２ Edm Krammer’s degeneracy Particle physics How do you measure pion spin? How do you show that pion is a pseudoscalar? G-parity C,P,T in particle physics

5. Lecture 3 3. K meson system τ-θ Puzzl Weak interaction CPT Mixing ４． CP violation Asymmetry in partial widths Role of final state interaction Hyperon decays Watson's theorem

6. Lecture 4 Regeneration Explain Eq. 7.8 and Fig 7,.1 Discovery of CP violation Cronin-Fitch experiment Direct indirect In this section, we refrain from deriving the expression for ε and ε' etc.

7. Lecture 5 CP violation in B decays Towards building the B factory EPR paradox Experiments at the B factory without much about the KM formalism

9. Its goes back the basic question asked by man. Why do we exist?

10. Time(sec) Temp( ℃ ) radius protons and neutronsLight elementsStars and milky waySupernova and heavyelements We are here Nucleosythesis ofHelium

11. Black-body radiation The universe is filled with ３ ° Ｋ （－２７０℃） photons Generation of light elements Expanding universe Measuring the speed of expansion

12. universe anti-universe Theory predicts universe and anti-universe

13. 1.You can see Armstrong’s foot step. The moon is not made out of anti-matter

14. KEK/IPNS Yoshida 2.No primary anti-particle in cosmic rays BESS experiment KEK/IPNS

15. 3.You see galaxy collisions but collisions of galaxy and anti-galaxy have been found

16. Really absent ？ Alpha Matter Spectrometer Space Shuttle NASA program SEMINAR – EXPERIMENTS ON ANTIMATTER SEARCHES IN SPACE Battison

17. We have to understand how CP is violated in the fundamental theory

18. Why there is no anti-universe 三田一郎 名古屋大学大学院 理学研究科

19. 1.Anti-baryon has to disappear. So, there has to be baryon number violation 2.Only anti-baryon has to disappear. So, there has to be CP violation 3.Created asymmetry will be washed out if the universe is in equilibrium. So, baryon has to be created out of equilibrium.

20. These annihilations Produce light

21. GUT God CP Proton Decay Baryon number STANDARD MODEL Quark Mass CP violation in K system CP violation in K system 50-100% CP violation in B system 50-100% CP violation in B system strings

22. The origin of quark masses The origin of CP violation

24. So, let us go back to symmetries

25. Mirror image

26. Time reversal

27. You can’t tell which is the original The symmetry is imbedded in your brain

28. Newton’s Equation Show that this equation is invariant under parity Show that this equation is invariant under time reversal

29. Maxwell Equation

30. Parity

31. Charge conjugation

32. Time Reversal

33. Our cells are controlled by electrodynamics. Why don’t we get younger?

34. Symmetries and quantum mechanics Ω So, you can’t tell the difference!

37. If charge of a particle is flipped, and the external all fields are flipped, the motion is invariant.

39. Time reversal and quantum mechanics

40. Ｔ＝Ｋ

42. 1.If T=K, from the definition of operator P, show that T -1 PT=-P. 2.From the definition of J=rxP, show that T -1 JT=-J

43. Rotation operator