1. Prepared by: - Mr. T.R.Shah, Lect., ME/MC Dept., U. V. Patel College of Engineering. Ganpat Vidyanagar. Digital Image Processing & Machine Vision – An Introduction

2. Today's topics  Introduction to an image.  Why digital image??  What is digital image??  What is digital image processing??  Digital image processing task.  Applications.  Types of digital images.  Difficulties in image processing.  Study on your own.

3. Introduction to image  An natural image captured with a camera, telescope, microscope or other type of optical instrument displays a continuously varying array of shades and color tones. This is known as continuous tone image or analog image.  An image provides information.

4. Why DIGITAL IMAGE??  Storage of an analog image !!!  Processing an analog image !!! Answer is impossible to store and difficult to Process the image.

5. What is Digital image??  A digital image differs from an photo in that x,y and f(x,y) values are discrete.

6. What is Digital Image Processing??  Image processing involves changing the nature of an image in order to either 1) improve pictorial information for human interpretations, or 2) render it more suitable for autonomous machine perception 3) reducing image size on disk

7. An Image Processing Task *Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley, 1992 Image Acquisition Image Acquisition Preprocessing (Enhancement & Restoration) Preprocessing (Enhancement & Restoration) Segmentation Representation & Description Representation & Description Recognition & Interpretation Recognition & Interpretation Knowledge Base Knowledge Base Result Problem Domain

8. Applications  Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous vehicle:- N.B.:- Project submitted by Sagar Shukla & his group(2009).

9. Image CaptureImage Processing And Analysis Lane Identification Steering Control Control Circuit Applications – block diagram Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous vehicle

10. Applications Real model of Manipulator  Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator:- Camera Stepper Motor Sliders Object N.B.:- Project submitted by Anant Jain & his group (2009).

11. Applications- CAD model Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator

12. Application Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator – block diagram Image Acquisition Image ProcessingInterfacing M/C CONTROLLER Manipulator Sensors (Feedback)

13. Applications  Object Follower : - N.B.:- Project submitted by Parth Chopra & Karan Dave(2010).

14. Image acquisition Noise Removal Edge detection Morphological operation Shape Detection Area and C.G Measurement Motion control Block Diagram Object Follower

15. Applications  Automatic Character Recognition :- N.B.:- Project submitted by Tarun Patel & his group (2010).on “Number Plate Recognition and Parking”

16. Image acquisition Convert RGB to Gray image Convert to binary image via threshoding and invert image Apply morphological operation for number plate recognition OCR Algorithm Convert number in text or excel Block diagram for OCR Parking

17. Applications  Image Inpainting: - N.B.:- Dissertation work done by Prof. Priyank Thakkar (CE Dept., UVPCE).

18. Types of digital Images  Binary image  Gray scale image,  True color image or RGB image,  Indexed image.

19. Difficulty in digital image processing  Image size  Gray scale image of 512 X 512 requires = 512 X 512 X 8 = 2097152 bits. = 2MB  3D image perception

20. Assignment  Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object when seen under white lighting.  Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object when seen under yellow lighting.  Take a block of gray color and put it on white back ground. Note down the brightness of object. Now, take the same block & put it on black background. Notice the difference for two cases.  Create picture using paint. Save it in jpg format. Save as the same picture using 24 bit true color bmp format. Now, check the property of two image and comment on size of same picture but saved in different formats  Use your mobile phone low resolution camera & get image of dark sky at night. Keep night mode on. Capture an image, get soft copy and conclude about original scene & picture. (Mark color other than black.)