1. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ESL (English as a Second Language) and ELL (English Language Learners)

2. Social Fluency Being able to socially communicate in that language Basic communication skills take 6 months to 2+ years to become socially fluent in a language

3. Academically Fluent Able to speak fluent through learning the language other than as your given birth language Cognitive academic fluency takes 7-9 years of training to become academically fluent

4. Which skill comes first? Listening comes first Silent period of 6 months – 2 years:  Learner is taking in language, but lacks skills or confidence to produce the language

5. Fluency Rate Variations Prior knowledge Family literacy level Family expectations Special education or other services Study of English in (first) native language Emotional factors

6. ELL Eligibility Student’s primary language is not English Student scores below fluent on a placement test

7. Importance of Teacher Preparation High immigration rates ELL are mainstreamed into core classes ELL teachers instruct in both English and content

8. Teacher Speech Modifications Speak at a slower rate Enunciate clearly Avoid idioms, puns, sarcasm, unless explained

9. Lesson Adaptations Assign less homework Modify tests and quizzes Bilingual dictionaries Portfolio assessments Peer tutoring Cooperative learning