1. Role of Technology in Combating Crime Against Woman and Children Presented by Detective Constable Janelle Blackadar Child Exploitation Section Toronto Police Service Canada Janelle.blackadar@ext.torontopolice.on.ca

2. Victim Reporting of Abuse Domestic assault in Canada used to rely on the victim to choose to press charges for sexual or physical abuse This led to problems of victims that were in fear of their abusers refusing to come forward, and then facing further abusive conditions The laws were changed to mandate that when police observe or believe there are signs of abuse that they shall arrest and charge This takes away the responsibility of the victim to have to prosecute the offender

3. Victim Reports As a general policy, Police are required to investigate allegations of assault and sexual abuse Only after a full investigation would the allegations be contested is if evidence came to light that the allegations were not true Police will investigate the allegations from a victim as a priority

4. Dedicated Units for Abuse Toronto Police Service have dedicated units to investigate Domestic Assault (physical or sexual) as well as Child Abuse (Physical or sexual) Each unit has dedicated investigators and interviewers with experience in these investigations Protocols are in place to assist the victims Victim services for counseling and court preparation Children’s Aid Society and government programs for investigation, counseling and court preparation

5. Investigations of sexual abuse of women Police are trained to conduct these investigations to accommodate the victim, protect the victim and gather the evidence Special examination rooms are set up in specific hospitals to allow experienced doctors and nurses to gather evidence of sexual abuse This assists in the proper gathering of evidence as well as preventing further trauma and harm to the victim

6. Investigations of Child Abuse Police have protocols when investigating allegations of child abuse Only if necessary are the children brought into a police station for investigation Special child friendly facilities are used to interview children Children’s Aid societies can be used to investigate the living conditions of the children and determine if they need to be removed for their safety Programs are designed specifically to counsel children about their abuse, as well as prepare them for court Designated hospitals are used to conduct physical examinations

7. Reactive Investigations The Toronto Police Youth Bureau’s and Criminal Investigation Bureau’s all investigate allegations of crime that have already happened Proactive Investigations Allow police to try to prevent crime or intercede prior to a victim being abused Cybertips, crime stoppers, victim reports

8. Child Exploitation Section Mandate: Specialized Officers will investigate: Distribution of child Pornography over the Internet Offences against sexual abuse of children over the Internet

9. What does it take? Internet access not registered to the Police Separate server to retain the digital data not accessible to officers that are not in our unit Large capacity of storage space Dedicated undercover computers Special software to capture evidence Trained computer forensic examiners

10. Basic Training Courses Digital Technology – How computers work and store digital data (1 week) Using the Internet as an Investigative Tool – websites, search engines and other open source tools that assist in gathering evidence (1 week) Canadian Internet Child Exploitation Course – how to conduct basic Internet investigations, tracking subscribers, identifying Child Pornography (2 weeks) Sexual assault and child Abuse Course (2 weeks)

11. Advanced Courses Advanced Internet Child Exploitation Course – learn to conduct undercover investigations posing as a child victim as well as a peer offender (2 weeks) Peer to Peer Investigations – learning databases and software to conduct investigations (1 week) Specialty undercover courses as technology requires

12. Distribution of Child Pornography Images of child sexual abuse are traded, sent, distributed over the Internet through numerous ways Websites Email Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks Social Networking Sites Chat Rooms “Sexting”

13. Definition of Child Pornography 163.1 (1) In this section, “child pornography” means (a) a photographic, film, video or other visual representation, whether or not it was made by electronic or mechanical means, (i) that shows a person who is or is depicted as being under the age of eighteen years and is engaged in or is depicted as engaged in explicit sexual activity, or (ii) the dominant characteristic of which is the depiction, for a sexual purpose, of a sexual organ or the anal region of a person under the age of eighteen years; (b) any written material, visual representation or audio recording that advocates or counsels sexual activity with a person under the age of eighteen years that would be an offence under this Act; (c) any written material whose dominant characteristic is the description, for a sexual purpose, of sexual activity with a person under the age of eighteen years that would be an offence under this Act; or (d) any audio recording that has as its dominant characteristic the description, presentation or representation, for a sexual purpose, of sexual activity with a person under the age of eighteen years that would be an offence under this Act.

14. Offences Against Children over the Internet Person communicates using the Internet to: Person under 18: Make Child Pornography, Sexual Interference Person under 16: Invitation to Sexual Touching, Sexual Assault, Sexual Interference, Exposure Person under 14: leave their home

15. These investigations typically occur: Social networking sites available to children Chat rooms Classified ads Cell phone

17. Something that started off subtle…

19. Peer trading

20. Peer Chat offenders pose a risk Identifying offenders who engage in chat about the sexual exploitation of children Gather as much evidence as needed to be able to get a search warrant Admissions of an offence or desire to commit and offence Admissions of possessing or accessing Child Pornography Sexualized comments about children and non Child Pornography images

21. Law Enforcement Software and Databases Numerous Law Enforcement programs and databases have been created to conduct investigations over the Internet These programs are always changing and being developed to keep up with changes on the Internet Programs can track usernames, IP addresses, Guids, and files of Child Pornography

23. Proactive Peer to Peer (P2P Investigations Numerous P2P networks exist to allow users on the network to share files with each other. Many networks and many users share images and videos of Child Pornography The investigation of persons trading Child Pornography Images can allow Police to identify offenders who are sexually interested in children, and offenders sexually abusing children.

24. Example file list

25. Online Chat Investigations Identified Website where offenders discuss the sexual abuse of children Identified Chat Rooms where offenders discuss the sexual abuse of children and can trade child abuse images Law Enforcement software tracks these offenders by user name and IP address

26. Example of some chat rooms #0!!!!!!!!!kids'r'us #0!!!!!momdaughtersex #0!!!!!!!childslavesex #0!!!!!!ChildRapeTortureBrutality #0!!!!!!!!!!younggirlsex #0!!!!!!!LTLGIRLSEXCHAT #0!!!!!!!dad&daughtersex #0!!!!!!!!!!pedomoms #baby&toddlerlove

27. Example of offenders in Canada

28. Example P2P India

29. Small Cluster of Offenders in Delhi

30. Large Cluster of offenders Delhi

32. Example chat offenders India

33. Basic Process of an Online Investigation Identify an offender and gather digital evidence: Download Child Pornography files Determine how many files the offender has Chat with offender to gather evidence and determine their threat risk Identify subscriber of the IP address Obtain a search warrant and gather the evidence, arrest and charge the offender once identified Interview the offender

34. Follow up investigation Review the evidence and categorize the images and videos for Child Pornography Identify and victims of Child Pornography or sexual abuse Prepare disclosure of evidence for trial Testify in court if there is a trial

35. Thank you Questions?