1. ECTOPARASITES
Lice

2. Order: Phthiraptera (LICE)
Two Orders (head width, mouthparts differentiate)
(1) Mallophaga – (Chewing Lice)
i. Chewing parasites with mandibulate mouthparts.
ii. Feed: sloughed epidermis, feathers and sebaceous secretions.
iii. Hosts: birds (most) and mammals.
iv. No species are parasites of man.
(2) Anoplura – (Sucking Lice)
i. Bloodsucking parasites of mammals
ii. Haustellum mouthpart
iii. Solenophagus (all lice)
iv. Hosts: mammal (humans have 3 species)

4. Biology (1) Dorso-ventrally flattened body.
(2) Claws adapted to grasp the host
(3) All lice are wingless
(4) Hemimetabolous Life Cycle
Egg  Nymph  Adult

5. Family: Pthiridae (crab louse)
(1) Species: Phithirus pubis
(2) Morphology
(3) Location on Host
(4) Size
(5) Eggs attached to coarser body hairs.
(6) Habits
(7) Spread
(8) Transfer
(9) Diseases

9. Family: Pediculidae (head louse)
(1) Species: Pediculus humanus capitis
(2) Location on Host
(3) Size
(4) Eggs attached to the hairs (glued).
(5) Habits
(6) Spread
(7) Transfer
(8) Diseases
(9) Treatment

12. Family: Pediculidae (Body louse)
Species: Pediculus humanus humanus
(2) Location on Host
(3) Size
(4) Eggs on clothing seams (glued).
(5) Habits
(6) Spread
(7) Transfer

16. Louse Borne Diseases (1) Vagabond’s Disease (a) Pediculosis (b) Vector
(c) Saliva (toxic effects)
(d) Distribution
(e) Diagnosis

17. Louse Borne Diseases (2) Trench Fever (a) Vector (b) Pathogen
(c) Reservoir
(d) Distribution
(e) Transmission
(f) Diagnosis
(g) Non pathogenic to louse

18. (3) Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Louse Borne Diseases
(3) Epidemic Relapsing Fever
(a) Vector
(b) Pathogen
(c) Reservoir
(d) Distribution
(e) Transmission
(f) Diagnosis

19. Louse Borne Diseases (4) Epidemic Typhus (a) Vector (b) Pathogen
(c) Reservoir
(d) Distribution
(e) Transmission
(f) Symptoms and Diagnosis

23. Louse Control
Body Lice – change and wash clothing in water hotter than 60C. In epidemic situations, 10% DDT in talc dusted on between body and underclothes (other insecticides – 1% malathion, 2% temephos, 1% propoxur, 0.5% permethrin). Protect from future infestation with insecticide treated clothing.
Head Lice – soap and water washing for adults and nymphs. Combing to remove nits or shaving head. Insecticides, but resistance in many areas of the world.
Pubic Lice – insecticidal emulsions and lotions. Resistance not as much of a problem. 1% permethrin – reapply because eggs not killed. 0.5% malathion – kills eggs too.