1. History of the Pledge of Allegiance Table of Content: Who wrote the Pledge? What was the original purpose of the pledge? Different versions of the Pledge? Original: 1892 1 st Change 1892-1923 2 nd Change 1924-1954 3 th Change 1954-Current Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance (Video)

2. Original Pledge of Allegiance (1892) "I pledge allegiance to my flag and the republic for which it stands: one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all." Table of Content

3. Pledge of Allegiance 1892 to 1923 “to” is added "I pledge allegiance to my flag and to the republic for which it stands: one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all." Video Table of Content

4. Pledge of Allegiance 1924-1954 “of the United States of America” is added "I pledge allegiance to the flag “of the United States of America”, and to the republic for which it stands; one nation indivisible with liberty and justice for all.” – “Of the United States of America” was added in fear that immigrant children would interpret “to my flag” as meaning the flag of their motherland. Video Video II (with original salute) Table of Content

5. Pledge of Allegiance 1954-Current “under God” is added "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." “Under God” is added and signed into law by Dwight D. Eisenhower, this was a response and product of the Cold War to separate the United States (a God believing Capitalist Nation) from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R) who denounced and subjugated religion, and was communist.Cold War The current recital by John Wayne. Pledge of Allegiance Song (with hand over heart) Pledge of Allegiance Song (with hand over heart) Table of Content

6. Francis Bellemy Baptist Minister: a product of the “Second Great Awakening”“Second Great Awakening” He was also a product of the Christian Socialist Movement. He openly claimed to be a Socialist.Christian Socialist Movement Table of Content

7. What was the original purpose of the Pledge of Allegiance? “The Pledge was written for the purpose of commemorating the four hundredth anniversary of America’s discovery by Christopher Columbus. It was conceived as a one-event exercize.”—Jeffery Owen Jones and Peter Meyer (Pg 100) The original "Pledge of Allegiance" was published in the September 8 issue of the popular children's magazine The Youth’s Companion The celebration was a National School’s event, to promote National unity. Table of Content