1. 1 The Effectiveness of Text- Matching Software: Using Turnitin tm with Graduate Research Students Colin Rundle Formerly Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID) colinrundle@yahoo.com

2. 2 Overview Text-matching using Turnitin Turnitin’s Originality Check The Study Results: Dramatic reduction in plagiarism Student views on using Turnitin Conclusion

3. 3 Turnitin An online system to which student papers are uploaded in order to: Directly compare student writing and matching texts 14 billion current and archived web pages 150 million student papers Millions of books Millions of articles from libraries and publications Educate students about plagiarism and thereby reduce it.

4. 4 Originality Check and Similarity Index Originality Check: Color-codes POTENTIAL plagiarism Clicking coded text brings up published text for direct comparison accurate plagiarism determination precise revision, e.g. paraphrasing, citation, direct quotes Similarity Index: Amount of coded text as percentage of total text. 30+% suggests problems with plagiarism

5. 5 Originality Check Interface https://www.turnitin.com/static/videos/demo_or.html

6. 6 The Study The Context Japanese, Asian, African Development economics MAs 15-25 page MA dissertations 5 x one-year MA cohorts, 2006-2011 Written October-August each year 161 students

7. 7 The Study (cont.) Compare average similarity indexes 136 dissertations: ALL support only (2006- 2010) 25 proposals: ALL support/TII workshop only (2011) 25 dissertations: ALL support and Turnitin self-access (2011) Survey of Turnitin Use 14/25 students

8. 8 The Study (cont.) Half students in all cohorts took intensive EAP program, including plagiarism avoidance. Turnitin cohort took 90 minute workshop on plagiarism and using Turnitin while drafting dissertation proposals Embedded ALL support by consultation Originality reports evaluated by instructor and students Referred to in consultations when necessary

9. 9 Results: Similarity Index

10. 10 Results: Similarity Index (Cont.) 30% Percentage distribution 2006-10 2011

11. 11 Results: Usage Survey improved your understanding of plagiarism 4.21 helped you to reduce potential plagiarism in your dissertation 4.07 helped you to avoid plagiarism in or improve other papers 4.00 has made you a better academic writer 3.64 was easy 3.85 Using Turnitin (5 = Strongly agree, 1 = Strongly Disagree)

12. 12 Results: Usage Survey (cont.) Explain how it helped you: 6/10 identified paraphrasing, e.g. After Colin showed us how the Turnitin found the part which is similar to other papers, I become more careful when I paraphrase. I am sure that it improved my referencing to some extent. I tried to do paraphrasing as much as possible.

13. 13 Results: Usage Survey (cont.) What did you like about it? There were colorful lines in a paper and it gave me a vivid image of plaigarism. It provides exact place where we have wrongly cited or paraphrased Facility of cross-checking with original sources.

14. 14 Results: Usage Survey (cont.) What didn’t you like about it? 4/7 identified difficulty of use, e.g. For the first time, it seems a bit difficult and complicat to use. Need to induct student fully on the application of the software

15. 15 Results: Usage Survey (cont.) Recommendations for its further use 5/10 recommend increasing its use, e.g. Allow it to be used in all other areas of writing such as term papers not only in [dissertation writing].

16. 16 Conclusion Turnitin reduces potential and actual plagiarism. Demonstrates clearly what plagiarism is Particularly where (how?) to paraphrase Students should be trained to use it to effectively improve paraphrasing/ referencing during redrafting process