1. Building Science Champions

2. In Thought Think of how you arrived to school today. Did you walk, drive, take the bus? Write a paragraph describing how you got to school. Great words to include in your paragraph: Motion Speed Acceleration Reference point Position

3. Objectives Explain when an object is in motion and how motion is relative to a reference point Calculate an object’s speed and velocity using SI units of distance Graph motion showing changes in distance as a function of time

4. Key Terms Motion Reference point Position Meter Speed Velocity Displacement Slope

5. Recognizing Motion How would you describe an object in motion An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing To determine if something is in motion you need a reference point If an object is moving at the same rate of speed as you the object does not appear to be moving The walls in your classroom do not appear to be moving because they are moving at the same rate of speed as you Earth is moving at 30 km per second – LA to NY is 2 min

6. Reference Point Reference point is a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point Position is an object’s distance and direction from a reference point

7. Using Reference Points At a school you may describe your position compared to a hallway – ie “I am standing outside the 800’s.” Direction is often used with a reference point “I am a block east of the train station.” Reference pointReference Point Which one is in motion? How can you tell? Can the other 2 be in motion?

8. Using Reference Points Describe the location of the yellow car from our vantage point. Above the asphalt To the right of the lead car. To the left of the Texaco and Home Depot cars.

9. Describing Distance International System of Units (SI system) The basic SI unit of length is the meter (metre) Meter is roughly 39 inches Distance is how far two objects are from one another Smaller Units of DistanceLarger Units of Distance Deci = 1/10 of a meterDeka = 10 meters Centi = 1/100 of a meterHecto = 100 meters Milli = 1/1000 of a meterKilo = 1000 meters

10. Calculating Speed Speed of an object is the distance the object travels in one unit of time Speed is a rate A rate tells you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time Speed = unit of distance / unit of time SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME Usually speed is measured in m/s or km/h

11. Types of Speed Constant speed – is the rate of change in which the same distance is traveled each second Instantaneous speed – is speed at a given instant of time Average speed – is the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken to travel that distance v= d/t v equals average velocity d equals distance t equals time What type of speed is shown in each picture? Instantaneous Speed Cruise Control Constant Speed Time from Pt A to Pt B Average Speed Speed at this point Instantaneous speed

12. Describing Velocity Velocity – speed in a given direction 35 meters per hour west

13. Displacement Displacement (s) – is the shortest distance between two places/objects Shortest distance is a straight line s = final position of a point – the initial position of a point Displacement formula s = R f – R i = ΔR A B

14. Graphing Motion On a line graph plot distance against time Time is placed on the horizontal or x-axis Distance is placed on the vertical or y-axis Slope is the steepness, or slant, of a line on a graph

15. Review Speed is distance divided by time Various speeds include constant, instantaneous and average speed Use a reference point to determine motion Velocity is speed in a given direction

16. References Anderson, M. et all (2012) Physical Science. McGraw- Hill: Columbus Frank, D.V et al (2001). Physical Science. Prentice Hall: New Jersey