1. Web Design Part 2 Page Size, Screen Layout and Content

2. Screen Size http://www.w3schools.com 2006Higher1024x768800x600640x480Unknown January17%57%20%0%6% 2005 July14%55%25%0%6% January12%53%30%0%5% 2004 July10%50%35%1%4% January10%47%37%1%5% 2003 July8%43%44%2%5% January6%40%47% 2%5% 2002 October 6%38%49%2%5%

3. Best bet? Design for multiple screen resolutions Frames, Tables etc. – Use % not fixed pixels Make sure design works well with different font sizes and different resolutions Use style sheets for layout Min width and max width (But not work in all browsers yet)

5. 800 x 600 real size

6. Page Layout HTML was designed by engineers..before you could put a graphic on the web.. If you place a chunk of text on a Web page, the dimensions of the viewer's browser window will determine the line length. When the user resizes his or her window, the text reflows to fill the new space. But the graphic does not resize http://www.soc.staffs.ac.uk/flk1/test/flow.htm

7. Fixed versus Flexible http://www.webstyleguide.com/page/examples/4.24a.html http://www.webstyleguide.com/page/examples/4.24b.html

8. Page Design Interesting To The User Try blocking the areas of your web page Not too much on navigation Content should be 50 – 80% of page Be careful about the amount of white space Try different size monitors

10. Page Layout

11. Grids / Panels

12. The Scroll factor… Never horizontally!!! Try and avoid vertically… Most important information should be seen..

13. One way…

14. If you have to… Have jumps..

15. Short Versus Long Pages Shorter Web pages should be used for: Home pages and menu or navigation pages Documents to be read online Pages with very large graphics Longer pages are: Easier to maintain (content is in one piece, not in linked chunks) More like the structure of their paper counterparts (not chopped up) Easier for users to download and print

16. Consistency A graphic theme or blocked colour theme

17. Content Design The actors can be well dressed and good at their job, but the play is the important thing! Be succinct - Write for scanability People read the first sentence, then scan for hyperlinks If you have lots of information – give them a print version Use things like Concise text / Bullet points or scannable text Neutral language Quality content is one of the most important factors in web usability What’s in this site for me? Keep it up to date!

18. Plan for scanability..

19. Credibility Don’t fill your pages with junk Don’t be amateur – animated gifs everywhere etc. It’s the visual appearance that the user sees first Don’t open new windows all the time! – It pollutes the screen Tell the user things – don’t assume they know what your site is about.

21. The Home Page The most important Links to on every page - Some people use the logo..but do not assume! Types Menu News Path based – specific target audience drill down Splash Screen Combination of the above Graphics or Text????

22. Site Maps Would you have a book without an index or contents page??? A web site can be so much bigger Finding your way about – search / a-z pages

23. Graphics Versus Text A good balance… Think of the audience Think of small graphics or slices

24. Navigation Where am I? / Where have I been? / Where can I go? Heading bar..the same each page..not too wide Menus..same place, same order each page Hyperlinks - use groups of words for a link Not For background information on the whale, click hereclick here Use We have background information on the whalebackground information on the whale Keep non visited and visited links different colours

25. Headers and Footers

26. Time to Load ‘Lets give them better design and they are happy to wait for it!’ – wrong! Everyone does not have a broadband connection! If it takes longer than 10 sec, people will go elsewhere! Keep those download times consistent for each re-visit to the site

27. What is accessibility? "The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect." -- Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director and inventor of the World Wide Web For a website to be accessible, its content must be available to everyone, including people with disabilities. Type it in a web browser…you will see the results you get..

28. Why do it? A proportion of your audience is disabled That should be enough reason why…. And if its not…it’s the law America – Section 508 http://www.section508.gov UK http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly- resources/web-acc http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/docu ments/PublicWebsite/public_caseforaccessibility. hcspessibility/uk-website-legal- requirements.shtml

29. Discussion… How do we make things accessible? Where can we look for more information on accessibility? Full page - http://www.w3.org/WAI/http://www.w3.org/WAI/ Quick Tips - http://www.w3.org/WAI/References/QuickTips/ http://www.w3.org/WAI/References/QuickTips/ Full checklist - http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/full- checklist.html and http://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/full- checklist.html http://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/ How they view the web - http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/PWD-Use-Web/ http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/PWD-Use-Web/

30. Quick Tips from W3C Images & animations: Use the alt attribute to describe the function of each visual. Image maps. Use the client-side map and text for hotspots. Multimedia. Provide captioning and transcripts of audio, and descriptions of video. Hypertext links. Use text that makes sense when read out of context. For example, avoid "click here." Page organisation. Use headings, lists, and consistent structure. Use CSS for layout and style where possible.

31. Quick Tip 2 Graphs & charts. Summarize or use the longdesc attribute. Scripts, applets, & plug-ins. Provide alternative content in case active features are inaccessible or unsupported. Frames. Use the noframes element and meaningful titles. Tables. Make line-by-line reading sensible. Summarize. Check your work. Validate. Use tools, checklist, and guidelines at http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAGhttp://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG Also use accessibility testers such as http://webxact.watchfire.com/

32. Quick Tips 3 Allow the user to personalise http://www.drc-gb.org/accessoptions/index.asp Check site in different browsers to make sure it’s the same Use the text size changer in the browser to make sure the text size increases Use ems for sizes not pixels

33. Evaluation – Testing the Usability

34. Test It! Don’t assume its right just because you do it Show it to people Get them to use it Ask them to perform a task Get to the screen with the history of Berlin on Watch how they do it and ask them for feedback Improve it!

35. Why Evaluate? To see if it suits its purpose To see if it is “useable” To see if the user understands the navigation To see if the web interface works To see if it hits its target - what it aimed to do

36. How do you evaluate Decide what you are evaluating Decide how you are going to evaluate it Decide who is going to evaluate Perform the evaluation Measure reactions / results Analyse results Report on results

37. Web sites For HCI / Design Hints http://www.webstyleguide.com/ http://www.useit.com/alertbox/designmistakes.html http://www.useit.com/alertbox/designmistakes.html http://www.nomensa.com/resources/articles.h tml http://www.nomensa.com/resources/articles.h tml http://www.csszengarden.com/ http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly- resources/web-usability/ http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly- resources/web-usability/