1. Developing magnetic resonance- based in-line sensors Michael J. McCarthy Department of Food Science & Technology

2. NMR and MRI Strengths - Chemical identification - Structure determination - Medical imaging - Microscopy imaging - Noninvasive - High speed… Current Limitations: Not suitable for industrial environment Not portable Low sensitivity Strawberry Milk Chocolate Milk 4 Averages Chocolate Milk 20 Averages http://www.bruker-biospin.com/nmr_magnets_us2.html?&L=0&print=

3. Goals of our NMR work Address current limitations and enable process NMR/MRI spectrometers for in-line control –Compatible with operation in an industrial environment Small side streams Larger installations for 100 % inspection –Rapid measurements of Composition / quality attributes Structure / Particle size, Rheological properties –Compatible with fluid food processing Clean in place chemical Liquid and particulate suspensions

4. Enabling process NMR/MRI Engineered materials –Novel magnets Aspect AI ABQMR Inc. Miniaturization – NeSSI compatible –Microfabricated components –Dynamic nuclear polarization Measurement information processing –Artificial intelligence, neural networks, chemometric methods 2 T MRI system

5. Magnet Design Options Higher magnetic field (~1.0 T) –Advantages Signal-to-noise! (high speed) –Disadvantages Cost Weight –Imaging/nonimaging options Low magnetic field strength (~0.05 to 0.2 T) –Advantages Cost Easier to integrate –Disadvantages Signal-to-noise ratio (limits speed) –Imaging and/or nonimaging 1 Tesla; ~0.4 sec scan 0.1 T; 8 hour scan

6. High Field System – Industrial System 1.0 Tesla No external field Industrial grade Large volume 1 Tesla Field Strength High performance Photos courtesy of ASPeCT Magnet Technologies Ltd. www.aspect-mr.com

7. 2. FSE 1. Turbo Flash Example: Seed Detection

8. Tomato concentrate viscosity to ketchup viscosity 1 (6 ounce) can tomato paste with garlictomato paste with garlic 1/2 cup light corn syruplight corn syrup 1/4 cup white vinegarwhite vinegar 1/4 cup white balsamic vinegar 1/4 cup waterwater 1 tablespoon sugarsugar 1 teaspoon saltsalt 1/4 teaspoon onion powderonion powder

9. Measure tomato concentrate rheology

10. Correlation of Ketchup Bostwick using in-line viscosity measurements of 12 Brix Tomato Concentrate Tomato Concentrate (Viscosity/density) (-1/5) Tomato ketchup Bostwick (cm)

11. Portable low-field magnet Single-sided design 10.2 cm diameter 5.0 cm high 3.0 kilograms Proton frequency 5.2 MHz Measurement at 20 mm depth into melon (alternate designs yield up to 50 mm depth) Photo courtesy of ABQMR, Inc

12. Miniaturization micro-NMR Incorporate DNP  Low field NMR Spectra  Benchtop/portable spectroscopy  Labscale system for metabolomics measurements  Microscale rheology

13. DNP 110x to 200x Signal Enhancement x100

14. Advanced in-line sensors for sorting fruit Paste Production Whole Peel Pack Byproducts Sunburn Good Magnetic Resonance Imaging Rot Using a Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis applied to MRI data it is predicted that yields for the process can be increased by approximately 10%

15. Summary Novel permanent magnet designs extend applications of NMR/MRI from laboratory to the production line. Microfabricated components are NeSSI scale compatible. Permits quantitative quality standards and process control.

16. Acknowledgements Rebecca Milczarek Boaz Zion Paul Chen Sandra Garcia Songi Han Jeffrey Walton Eiichi Fukushima, ABQMR, Inc. Uri Rapoport, ASPECT Magnet Technologies Ltd. www.aspect-mr.com www.aspect-mr.com USDA USDA-BARD CDFA Citrus Research Board Avocado Commission ConAgra Foods Paramount Citrus Association CPAC