1. History of the Nomination Process & Presidential Elections MT. 4, LT. 2

2. 1800 – “Revolution” of 1800 Jefferson (Democratic- Republican) defeats Adams (Federalist) First peaceful transfer of power First Political Party System

3. 1804 – 12 th Amendment Required separate votes for President and Vice President Ensured Pres. & V.P. came from same party Last major reform to the Electoral College

4. 1824 – The “Corrupt Bargain” John Q. Adams defeats Andrew Jackson Last time a “tie” election was decided by the House of Representatives Splits Democratic- Republicans into Second Party System = Whigs vs. Democrats

5. 1832 – First Nominating Conventions Democrats hold first nominating convention Re-nominate President Andrew Jackson Ensured party unity behind one candidate Conventions would be dominated by party leaders and political machine bosses

6. 1856-1860 – Beginnings of Modern Political Party Era Republicans formed as an anti-slavery party Abraham Lincoln becomes first Republican president Start of Third Party System = Republicans vs. Democrats

7. 1910 – First Primary Elections Began as a Progressive Era Reform Allowed voters a say in the selection of party candidates Considered more democratic = took power away from party leadership

8. 1920 – Women’s Suffrage 19 th Amendment gives women the right to vote

9. 1952 – The Television Era Candidate Dwight Eisenhower runs the first campaign ad “I Like Ike” Further weakened party control over elections More focus on the individual candidate and their “image”

10. 1960 – First Televised Debates Candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debate face-to-face on television Better performance on TV gives JFK narrow win

11. 1965 – Voting Rights for African- Americans 15 th Amendment had granted right to vote to Blacks Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed legal barriers Ban on literacy tests and poll taxes

12. 1992-1996 – The New Media Bill Clinton = first candidate to use “new media” First use of Internet for campaigning Social Media = Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.

13. 2000 – The Disputed Election George W. Bush is elected President despite losing popular vote Renewed criticisms of the Electoral College system

14. Nominations & Elections Today

15. Primary Elections Then: - Party bosses chose party nominees - Delegates controlled by political machines Now: - Most states hold primary elections - Voters decide party nominees - Progressive era reform

16. Nomination Process Nominating Convention - First held by Democrats under Andrew Jackson - Delegates choose a Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidate - Party Platform* *statement of party’s goals and principles

17. Electoral College President actually chosen by Electoral College - state’s electoral vote = Representatives + Senators - Winner take all system - President can lose popular vote and win electoral vote

18. Summary Primary elections narrow down field of candidates Long primary “season” = low voter turnout Nominating conventions less important Despite criticisms, Electoral College remains important Candidates focus on “battleground” states