1. Equine Breeds

2. Classification of Horses
Worldwide, about 300 breeds of horses exist. They range in size from draft horses at almost six feet in height to miniature horses at barely three feet in height.

3. Types of Horses A "type" of horse is not a breed
Simply a term used to describe a group of breeds that are similar in appearance (phenotype) or use.
A type usually does not have a breed registry, though horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds.

4. Types of Horses Light Horse
Baroque Horse (heavily muscled, powerful, agile -Lipizzaner, Friesian, Andalusia, etc.)
Cob
Draft horse or Draught horse
Hack
Hunter (show hunter or a field hunter)
Iberian horse (developed in the Iberian Peninsula- Andalusian, Alter Real, Lusitano, etc.)
Sport Horse
Warmblood -
(Dutch Warmblood, Hanoverian, Swedish Warmblood, Westphalian, etc.

5. Light Horse Breeds
Light horses are 12 to 17.2 hands high and weigh 900 to 1,400 pounds.
They are used primarily for riding, driving, showing, racing or utility use on a farm or ranch.
Capable of more action and greater speed than draft horses.
Some examples of light horse breeds include Albino, American Buckskin, American Saddlebred, Arabian, Morgan, Paint, Palomino, Peruvian Paso and Tennessee Walking Horse.

6. Draft Horse
Draft horses are 14.2 to 18 or more hands high at the withers and weigh 1,400 pounds or more.
They are primarily used for heavy work or pulling loads.
Historically when draft horses were bought and sold for work, they were classified according to their use as a draft, wagon, farm chucks or southerners.
Some examples of draft horses include Clydesdale, Friesian, Percheron, Shire and Suffolk.

7. PONIES
Ponies stand 14.2 hands high at the withers or less, and weigh 500 to 900 pounds.
Ponies possess a distinct conformation on a reduced scale.
There are draft, heavy harness or saddle type.
Some common ponies include Connemara, Dartmoor, Hackney, Pony of the Americas, Shetland and Welsh.

8. Warmblood
Does not relate to horses with a certain blood temperature.
Refers to the overall temperament of most light horse breeds.
Fine-boned and suitable for riding.
In some countries the warmblood is distinguished as a horse with Arabian breeding.
Some classify all light horses as Warmbloods.
Some others classify all breeds that are not Thoroughbred, Draft or pony as Warmbloods.
Warmbloods typically include Hanoverians, Holsteins and Trakehners.

9. Coldblood
Coldblood horses are heavy, solid, strong horses with a calm temperament.
This term is probably best thought of as another way of describing draft horses.
Does not refer to body temperature!

10. MINIATURE HORSES
Miniature horses are scaled-down versions of full-size horses and are not dwarfs.
Miniatures are not a breed, but can be registered with the American Miniature Horse Registry.
The maximum height for registration is 38 inches at the withers.
Miniatures are often kept as pets.

11. Light Horses At least 14.2 hands tall at the withers 900 - 1400 pounds
Most common type of horse in the United States

12. Arabian Originated from Bedouin desert Known for strength and stamina
Small muzzle
High tail setting
Short back

13. Lipizzaner Developed in Spain Born brown or black in color
Changes to white or gray at about 6-10 years of age
Famous as dressage performers

14. Morgan Developed in the United States
America’s first breed of light horse
Descended from one horse, Justin Morgan

15. Mustang Developed by Mother Nature in the Western United States
Near extinction in 1970
Available through the Adopt-A-Horse program from the US Government

16. American Quarter Horse
Developed in the United States as a race horse
Named for their fast times in the 1/4 mile
Known for speed, strength & intelligence
Most popular horse breed in the world

17. Saddlebred Developed in the United States Ridden by many famous riders
Paul Revere
Daniel Boone
Ulysses S. Grant
Stonewall Jackson
Robert E. Lee

18. Standardbred Fastest harness horse in the world
Name comes from the fact that the horses must meet a “specific” standard.
Bay, brown or black in color

19. Tennessee Walking Horse
Originated in Tennessee
Possess a unique running walk gait
Very easy to ride
Preferred horse of traveling preachers

20. Thoroughbred
Designed to sustain speed over distances while carrying weight
Average 16 hands in height
Revolutionized the racing industry

21. Abaco Barb
Descended from Spanish horses during the time of Christopher Columbus
Only eight left
Small herd resides on the Bahaman Island of Great Abaco
Bay, brown, pinto
13.2 to 14.2 hands

22. Icelandic Horse Brought to Iceland by the Vikings in the 9th century.
Breed shares characteristics with the Mongolian horse
Little is actually known about its ancestry

23. Akhal-Teke (Ah-cull Tek-y)
Unusual, gazelle-like appearance- very distinctive breed.
Breed is at least 3,000 years old.
Last remaining strain of the Turkmene (a horse that has existed since 2400 B.C.).

24. Paso Fino
Earliest ancestry includes the Barb, Andalusian and the gaited Spanish Jennet
Came to Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) with Christopher Columbus
Used as conquistadors’ mounts throughout the 1500s.

25. Andalusian Hailing from the Iberian Peninsula
The Andalusian takes its name from the Province of Andalucía
An ancient breed; 20,000-year-old cave drawings show a similar type of horse

26. Missouri Fox Trotter
The Missouri Fox Trotter is a product of its native Ozark Mountains in Missouri.
Comes from Morgan, Thoroughbred and Arabian
Arrived in the Ozarks when pioneers settled in 1821.

27. Budenny (bood-yo-nee)
The Russian Budenny was created to replace the mass equine casualties of World War I and the Russian Revolution
Also to breed a horse that a Soviet officer would be proud to ride.

28. Norwegian Fjord
The Fjord is one of the world’s oldest breeds of horses.
Believed to have been in western Norway for more than 4,000 years
Domesticated in 2000 BC
The Vikings developed the Fjord as early as 2,000 years ago.

29. Barb
Ancient breed that was established in the Fertile Crescent of Middle Asia.
Was a favored mount for the Berbers.
Animal draws its name from this group of “barbarous” people

30. Cleveland Bay
Developed in the Cleveland area of Northern Yorkshire in England.
In medieval times, the Cleveland Bay was valued as a packhorse for the church, carrying goods to and from various monasteries.

31. Caspian
Discovered in 1965 in Tehran, Iran. By American Louise Firouz living there.
Small Arabian-like horse in the Elborz Mountains
Only hands.

32. Camargue
The Camargue originated in the marshy plains of the Rhone delta in the South of France.
It has existed since prehistoric times

33. Peruvian Horse Also known as the Peruvian Paso Gaited
Share the same earlier parentage as Paso Fino (Andalusian, Barb and Spanish Jennet)
Not the same breed as the Paso Fino

34. Rocky Mountain Horse
Originated in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in eastern Kentucky in the late 1800s.
Gets its name from its foundation stallion, a gaited horse from the Rocky Mountains

35. Florida Cracker
The Florida Cracker descends from Spanish horses such as the Barb and the Spanish Jennet that arrived in the southern United States in the 1500s

36. Hackney
Developed in Great Britain in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
Descendant of the Norfolk Trotter, Yorkshire Roadster, Arabian and Thoroughbred.
Cart and carriage horse

37. Przewalski Horse
Considered to be the foundation of all domestic horses
Was considered extinct until Russian cartographer Colonel Nikolai Przewalski saw a herd while in southwest Mongolia in 1879

38. Racking Horse
Was developed on Southern plantations before the Civil War
Shares its parentage with the Tennessee Walking Horse.
Comfortable gait made it easy for plantation owners to ride from field to field without fatigue

39. Curly Horse Also known as American Bashkir Curly Horse
Descends from a herd of three horses found in 1898 roaming the mountain ranges of Nevada.
How they came to be on the continent remains a mystery
Thought to be a genetic defect

40. Can be light horses, ponies or drafts Have their own color registries
Color breeds
Can be light horses, ponies or drafts
Have their own color registries

41. Palomino Own color registry
Color is light to dark of a 14 karat gold U.S. coin
Mane and tail must be white

42. Paint
In 1519, explorer Hernando Cortes had two horses described as having paint markings on his trip.
First known description of Paint Horses.
By the early 1800s, horses with Paint coloring were all throughout the West.

43. PAINT Stock type horse Color patterns are called Tobiano and Overo
Differs from a Pinto (Pinto Association is a color registry)

44. Appaloosa Well known for speed
Used by the Nez Pence Indians as war horses
Originated from Spanish horses left behind by explorers

45. Pinto
Spotted horses seem to have originated with American Indian horses
Distinctive two-toned coat pattern probably came to North America through Arabian and Spanish stock that accompanied early explorers.

46. Gypsy Horses
Known as Gypsy Vanner Horses, Gypsy Cobs and Gypsy Drum horses
A relatively new concept to most people, but not to the Romany (gypsy) “Traveler” of Great Britain

47. Ranger
In 1879, General Ulysses S. Grant was given two stallions by a Turkish Sultan.
One was an Arabian (Leopard) and the other a Barb
Were brought to America, and in 1894 and bred with native cowhorses in Nebraska.

48. Draft Horse Breeds
Cold blooded
BIG!!!!!!!!!! STOUT!!!

49. American Cream Draft
Originated from the mare “Old Granny” in Iowa in 1911
Rich cream color with white mane & tail
Pink skin
Amber colored eyes
Average lbs.

50. Belgian Originated in Belgium
American Belgian Association is headquartered in Wabash, IN

51. Belgian Developed in the fertile pastures of Belgium.
It was also there that the forefather of all draft horses was first bred—a heavy black horse used as knights’ mounts called the Flemish

52. Clydesdale Developed in Scotland Commonly bay in color
Known for four white socks with hairy fetlocks
Made famous in US beer commercials

53. They can also be black

54. Suffolk Punch
The Suffolk Punch is the oldest of Great Britain’s heavy breeds
Dates back to at least the 16th century.
Breed’s size may have come from Belgian draft blood.

55. Friesian Native to the Netherlands
Prior to WWI there were only 3 sires still alive
Known for long tail & mane
Very calm breed

56. Percheron Unclear origin The oldest equine breed
Most popular draft breed in the early 1900s

57. Shire Developed in England Most common draft breed in England
Once used to carry knights into battle
Mostly black with white legs

58. PONIES

59. Dales Pony
The Dales Pony originated in the dales of northeast England.
The ultimate farmer’s horse, pulling a plow, a cart, or helping to herd sheep.
Valued as a pack pony working in the lead mines carrying the ore to cargo ships.

60. Chincoteague/Assateague
shing-kuh-teeg
as-uh-teeg
Made famous in Marguerite Henry’s book Misty of Chincoteague.
The ponies live on the barrier island of Assateague in Maryland and Virginia.

61. Pony of the Americas
Born in the spring of 1954 after an Arabian/Appaloosa mare accidentally bred to a Shetland stallion.
The owner offered to sell the pregnant mare to a neighbor, lawyer and Shetland pony breeder Les Boomhower

62. Highland Pony
Is one of the two native pony breeds hailing from the north of Scotland.
It is the largest and strongest of all the native ponies of Great Britain.

63. Fell Pony
Arrived in Great Britain as an ancient Wild Pony type that came across the land bridge during the ice age.
The ponies spread throughout the United Kingdom, and the resulting habitat helped form and shape the modern Fell Pony.

64. Dartmoor Pony
South of Stonehenge in the southwest of England is Dartmoor, home to Sherlock Holmes’ “Hound of the Baskervilles” and the Dartmoor Pony.

65. New Forest Pony
In England, near the coast in southwest Hampshire, lies the beautiful New Forest.
Is one of the nine native breeds of the United Kingdom
Existed since 1016 A.D.

66. Exmoor
The oldest of the nine British breeds and is least influenced by outside breeding.
First prized as a chariot horse by invading Roman forces.

67. Shetland Pony
Off the coast of Scotland lie the Shetland Islands, native habitat of the smallest pony in Britain: the Shetland Pony.
The breed evolved on the Scandinavian tundra and was possibly brought over by Viking raiders.

68. Welsh Pony
Used by hill farmers and shepherds, landowners and deliverymen.
In 1901, the Welsh Pony and Cob Society was established in Wales.

69. WARM BLOODS

70. Danish Warmblood
Youngest of all the European warmblood breeds, beginning in 1962.
There were two Danish saddle horse breed associations—the Danish Sport Horse Society and the Danish Light Horse Association

71. Dutch Warmblood
After World War II, Dutch farms were becoming mechanized and horses were no longer needed to work the land, but two lighter farm horses, the Gelderlander and the Groningen were used to help establish a new breed.

72. Hanoverian
Named for its region of origin: Lower Saxony in northern Germany was formerly the kingdom of Hannover.
In 1714, King George I of England, sent several English Thoroughbreds to Germany to refine the native stock.

73. Oldenburg
Created in the 17th Century through the endeavors of Count Johann XVI von Oldenburg and Count Anton Gunther von Oldenburg to create a grand carriage horse.
Small breeding farms throughout the provinces of Oldenburg and East Friesland were developed.

74. Swedish Warmblood Has been in Sweden since 4000 B.C.
In the 1500s, the Swedish government began importing horses, to improve the native horses.
Have 3 National stud farms located in Sweden

75. Other types

76. Donkey Ancestor is the African Wild Ass. Domesticated around 4,000 BC.
Became an important pack animal for people living in the Egyptian and Nubian regions.
They can easily carry 20% to 30% of their own body weight
Can also be used as a farming and dairy.

78. MULE
The mule is a human invention developed to create a strong, placid animal suitable for packing, riding and driving.
Breeding a female horse to a male donkey creates a mule, and breeding male horse to a female donkey creates a hinny (less common); both are usually sterile.

79. Mini Donkeys Life Span: Height: Weight: Males: Females:
With proper lifelong care,
25-40 years
Height:
36" or under
38" or under
Weight:
200 to 450 pounds
Males:
Any age male is called a Jack
Females:
Any age female is called a Jennet

80. Miniature horse