1. Linking ecosystem services to human wellbeing Emily McKenzie 2 April, InVEST Introductory Seminar, Bangkok

2. Relationship between ecosystem services and well-being Frameworks for addressing well-being Importance of differentiating between providers and users NatCap’s emerging work on well-being Outline

3. Access to services Altruism Political voice Clean environment Economic growth Education Health Nutrition Leisure time Life satisfaction Cultural fulfillment Happiness Public infrastructure Safety Security Shelter Social cohesion Social network Spiritual fulfillment Wealth Freedom Governance Meaning Personal activities Civic engagement Well-being

4. A state of health, happiness and/or prosperity. – An intangible concept, can be expressed as level of life satisfaction – A composite of many components, including social connections, health, security, and freedom Wellbeing

5. 1) Material living standards (income, consumption and wealth) 2) Health 3) Education 4) Personal activities including work 5) Political voice and governance 6) Social connections and relationships 7) Environment (present and future conditions) 8) Insecurity, of an economic as well as physical nature. Measures of Well-being Sen, Stiglitz & Fitoussi 2009, Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress.

6. Despite their importance, ecosystem services are not normally included in decisions. This is because it is not clear how services contribute to well-being or the issues people care about. Why Well-being?

7. To understand: The impacts of conservation initiatives on people The broader implications of ecosystem service loss To design: Joint conservation and development projects Payment for ecosystem service schemes Environmental priorities for other sectors (e.g. public health) To increase relevance: Address the things people care about Assess true costs and benefits of options for people Build knowledge about how degradation will affect people Why Connect ES and Well-being?

8. Components of Well-being From PPT, Smith 2010

9. Human Development Index Green Growth Gross National Happiness Living Planet Index Sustainable Livelihoods Framework Sustainable Society Index Indicators of Well-being Natural Financial Physical SocialHuman

10. Connect like to like: Water quality  disease rates, health Recreation  income, subjective well-being NTFPs  income, nutrition or shelter What to Measure Mahapatra, Albers & Robinson 2005 NTFP income Off-farm income Crop income Pollination  education Fisheries  food security Coastal protection  civic engagement

11. Actors (providers) Human Well- being Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing Institutions Actors (users) Demand Supply Ecosystem structure & function Economic structure & function Ecosystem services Other goods & services Distribution and Change of: Welfare Poverty & wealth Food security Health/nutrition Jobs/employment Vulnerability & security

12. Providers and Beneficiaries same location, e.g. soil fertility directional, e.g. watershed services omni-directional, e.g. pollination directional, e.g. coastal protection

13. Providers and Beneficiaries ServiceProviderBeneficiary Carbon storage/ climate stabilization LandownersEveryone – the globe Sediment retentionUpstream land managers Downstream water users Non-timber forest products Landowner or stateHarvesters and consumers Coastal protectionCoastal land managerProperty owners along coast Soil formationLand manager

14. This distinction matters in questions of distribution, value, management control and well-being. For example, Providers and Beneficiaries Hydrological services – water fund Coastal vulnerability – marine spatial planning

15. Ecosystem services result in different benefits for different people Well-being frameworks and indicators exist Measure outcomes related to the service in question Differentiate between providers & beneficiaries Conclusions

16. Critical questions How do changes in ecosystem services affect aspects of human wellbeing? What are the effects on different segments of the population? How do institutions affect who gains and loses?