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Atomic Structure Science 10
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Atom Models Models have changed and become more detailed over time Each model has allowed for new hypotheses to be made and predictions to be tested
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Parts of an Atom Atoms are made up of subatomic particles Protons (p+) Neutrons (n) Electrons (e-) The atoms for each element have a different number of subatomic particles Atoms are neutral They have no charge
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Inside the Atom
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Relative Size in an Atom
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Atomic Number Atoms from different elements have different number of protons (p+) Atomic number = number of protons Because atoms are neutral Number of protons=number of electrons (e-)
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Mass Number Mass number = protons (p+) + neutrons (n) To solve for number of neutrons Neutrons = mass number - protons Atomic number = 2 Mass number = 4 Number of protons = Number of electrons = Number of neutrons = Helium Atom
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Mass Number Mass number = protons (p+) + neutrons (n) To solve for number of neutrons Neutrons = mass number - protons Atomic number = 2 Mass number = 4 Number of protons = 2 Number of electrons = 2 Number of neutrons = 2 Helium Atom
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Isotopes Isotope – atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons Have the same atomic number Have different mass number Different number of neutrons
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Isotopes Have the same chemical properties How they react This is based on their valence electrons Have different physical properties Appearance, density, diffusion behaviour Common Isotopes 3 Isotopes of Hydrogen: 1 H 1 2 H 1 3 H 1 2 Isotopes of Carbon: 12 C 6 14 C 6 2 Isotopes of Chlorine: 35 Cl 17 37 Cl 17
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Electron Configuration The number of electrons that each energy level (orbital, shell) can hold Atoms have 7 energy levels which each have a maximum number of electrons Level 1 – Holds 2 electrons Level 2 – Holds 8 electrons Level 3 – Holds 8 electrons Electrons always fill the first energy level before filling the second, etc.
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Electron Configuration
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Electron configurations are written with the number of electrons in each energy level followed by a comma Sodium: 23 Na 11 has 11 electrons: 2, 8, 1 Beryllium: 9 Na 4 has 4 electrons: 2, 2 12 C 6 SiHe PNe 12 C 6 FAlO Fill in the following table by using your periodic table
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Understanding Checkpoint Read and hi-light textbook pg. Read handout on radioisotopes Worksheets Quiz in 2 classes
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Next Up Quiz Ions Valence electrons Video Periodic Table Lesson
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