1. Mining, Ores and Minerals in Finland

2. Contents ● What is being mined? – the most important ores and minerals ● mines and quarries ● unexploited resources ● enrichment and smelting ● recycling

3. Mined Goods ● Stone and plain rock – crushed stone – sand – gravel ● Ores (metals) ● Minerals 100 000 000 000 kg a year 20 000 000 000 kg a year

4. Stone and plain rock

5. Ores ● Finland has a significant part in production of – chromium (used for coating other metals) – nickel (steel, batteries) – gold (jewellery) – hi-tech metals (electronics) ● Other ores include – cobalt – copper – silver – zinc Cr Au Ni Co Cu Ag Zn

6. Minerals ● Limestone ● Dolomite ● Apatite ● Talc ● Quartz ● Feldspar ● Minerals can be used for example in fertilizers, chemistry and jewellery. ● Limestone is used in construction.

7. Mines and quarries In 2007 in Finland there were – 10 ore mines – 16 limestone mines or quarries – 20 mineral or rock quarries These mines employ about 14 000 people.

8. Talvivaara is the world's largest nickel producer. It is also the first mine in Finland to receive permission for gathering uranium in 2012. In 2012 there was discussion about environmental questions and Talvivaara. Iron mining is being planned. Gold is being mined all the way from north to south! Chromium is rare. Finland is an important producer of it. In this mine lies the deepest sauna in Finland! It is 1400 metres underground.

9. Unexploited resources ● Uranium – A Finnish mining company Talvivaaran Kaivososakeyhtiö Oyj has received permission to begin gathering uranium. ● Lithium – has just been found in Finnish ground – will become more important as it is the material for electric cars and batteries ● Iron

10. Enrichment and smelting Importation of ores for enrichment – Iron ore ● from Sweden and Russia ● made into steel – Nickel ● A lot of nickel is imported from other countries even though Finland does mine a lot of it itself.

11. Recycling and reuse of metals in Finland ● well-organized ● efficient ● better option than smelting new metal ● saves 60–95 % energy ● Aluminium recycling in finland is top-quality.

12. Dani Tenhea Erkko-lukio 2013

13. Sources ● Edu.fi – Suomen luonnonvarat http://www.edu.fi/luovasti_luonnonvaroista/suomen_luonnonvarat/kiviainek set_malmit_ja_teollisuusmineraalit http://www.edu.fi/luovasti_luonnonvaroista/suomen_luonnonvarat/kiviainek set_malmit_ja_teollisuusmineraalit ● Kaivos – perusta elämälle (Teknologiateollisuus ja Kaivannaisteollisuus ry) http://www.teknologiateollisuus.fi/file/5772/Kaivannaisteollisuusesittely_200 9.pdf.html http://www.teknologiateollisuus.fi/file/5772/Kaivannaisteollisuusesittely_200 9.pdf.html ● Kaivannaisteollisuus – yhteiskunnan kivijalka http://www.teknologiateollisuus.fi/file/1644/16284_Kaivannaisesite1.pdf.ht ml http://www.teknologiateollisuus.fi/file/1644/16284_Kaivannaisesite1.pdf.ht ml

14. Image sources ● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKalkkikaiv os%2C_Parainen%2C_22.7.07.JPG http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKalkkikaiv os%2C_Parainen%2C_22.7.07.JPG ● www.gtk.fi (kartat) www.gtk.fi ● Palpa ● http://www.flickr.com/photos/92188538@N05/838063 8092/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/92188538@N05/838063 8092/ ● http://www.hoskingindustries.com.au/blog/2010/06/30 /wicked-wednesdays-free-high-resolution-stone- textures/ http://www.hoskingindustries.com.au/blog/2010/06/30 /wicked-wednesdays-free-high-resolution-stone- textures/ ● Wikimedia Commons (kierrätysmerkki) ● Edu.fi