1. RESAFE LIFE (2014-2016) PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)
Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356
“Innovative fertilizer from urban waste,
bio-chard and farm residues as substitute
of chemical fertilizers" (RESAFE)
PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)
July, Murcia (Spain), 2014

2. OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain) CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO
Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura
CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain)
CEBAS
CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO
CSIC

3. Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)
PILOT PLANT
GROWTH CHAMBERS
CEBAS LABORATORIES
EXPERIMENTAL FIELD

4. RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT) CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE) Dr. Carlos Garcia
Dra. Teresa Hernández
Dr. J. Moreno
Dr. Felipe Bastida
Lcda. Mª Dolores Coll
Lcda. Carmen Chocano
Dña. Irene Piñera
D. Alberto Lucas

5. SOIL AND ORGANIC MATTER
Lithological material
Climate
Topography
SOIL
Biotic community
ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrients for plants.ii) Water retention; iii) Buffer action; iv) Control of cation exchange; v) Reduction of pollutant toxic effects; vi) Improvement of soil aggregation
ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL
AND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

6. RESAFE PROJECTS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILS
IMPORTANT ASPECTS ABOUT ORGANIC
AMENDMENTS-FERTILIZERS
QUANTITY OF POLLUTANTS
(HEAVY METALS, SALINITY, PATHOGENS…)
2) WHERE AND HOW IT SHOULD BE USED
RESAFE: Compost, biochar
Mixtures between some organic materials. Added value: VAP addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP)
2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES

7. SOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITY
ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM
To increase soil
quality, fertility and
productivity
EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT
To increase metabolic activity in the Soil (Soil Respiration)
To increase micror-ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri-zation,…
SOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITY

8. WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??
CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??
RESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.
ACTION B3 B5: IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS.
DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale.
DEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAIN
ACTION C4 and C6.
Monitoring of environmental benefit of agriculture application in Spain
Monitoring of thecnical-socio-economic assesment
ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12: Communication and dissemination actions
ACTION E1: Coordination

9. ACTIONS FOR RESAFE ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBAS IN SPAIN
RESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.
ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC):
On organic materials and organic fertilizers: Italy, Spain and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)
Nation
Sample
Code
Cyprus
Urban Organic Waste (Green Waste)
CY-UOW
Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)
CY-FOR
Italy
Biochar
IT-BC
Urban Organic Waste (Compost)
IT-UOW
IT-FOR
Spain
ES-BC
ES-UOW
Farm Organic Residue (Horse Manure)
ES-FOR

10. ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE)
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
MATERIALS INFORMATION
Physico-chemical analysis
pH, electrical conductivity
Chemical analysis
Macro and micro nutrients, heavy metals,…
Biological analysis
Organic matter, total organic C, water sdoluble C, total and sol N
Vegetation
Germination assays, plants monitoring,…
Microbiological analysis
Soil respiration, PLFA,s,

11. RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN
Laboratories
(CEBAS-CSIC)
Controlled growth
chambers

12. RESAFE (LIFE) pH values: 6-8. These values are
typical for organic amendments.
Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values
in the basic range (10-12).
EC showed values between 2-6 mS/cm.
BIOCHAR showed the lowest EC values

13. RESAFE (LIFE)
All organic materials (UOW and FOR) showed organic matter (organic carbon)
Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%).
BIOCHAR showed the highest organic C content, but this material has an
OM quality different to the other wastes (stabilized organic matter)

15. SOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITY
RESAFE (LIFE)
SOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITY
Enzymes are proteins which have a key role in soil functionality.
They are involved in the main cycles of elements such as C, N, P and S. A lot of processes in soil are carried out by enzymes (degradation of organic wastes, oxidation of organic matter, …).
Soil enzymes can be bioindicators of the potential of a soil to carry out specific biochemical reactions in order to maintain soil fertility.
Burns, 1982 E E E E
E + S
E-S
E + P E E E
Enzyme-substract complex
(soluble or not soluble)
Células vivas
Not proliferant cells E E E E E E
Dead cells and cellular
wastes
Arcillas y coloides húmicos E

16. Enzyme activities RESAFE (LIFE) R-O-PO32- + H2O R-O-H + HO-PO32-
Dheydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds with the removal of two hydrogen atoms that are transferred to the molecule of NAD+
R-H2 + NAD+  NADH + R + H+
Indicator of global microbial metabolism
b-Glucosidase enzymes catalyze the final limiting step of cellulose degradation
Carbon cycle
Phosphatase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of various organic phosphate esters
Phosphorus cycle
R-O-PO H2O R-O-H HO-PO32-

17. RESAFE (LIFE)
B-Glucosidase is a hydrolase included in the C cycle. It is important for soil quality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samples showed the lowest values for this enzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showed the highest values of β-glucosidase activity indicating many C sources availables for microorganisms.

18. RESAFE (LIFE)
Phosphatase activity: hydrolase of P cycle. It hydrolizes organic P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showed the lowest values of phsphatase activity and IT-FOR the highest activity values.

19. RESAFE (LIFE)
The degradation of organic matter is a property of all heterotrophs, and its rate is commonly used to indicate the level of microbial activity
A negative effect was observed for soil microbial respiration in BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) samples. It could be due to some inhibition problem (EC,
toxic compounds,…), or the scarce of available C for microorganisms

20. RESAFE PROJECT (6 months)
PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)

21. RESAFE (LIFE)
Some biostimulant effects has been observed in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.
Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible for the negative effect on germination Index.

22. RESAFE (LIFE)
Some biostimulant effects has been detected in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.
Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible of the negative effect on germination Index.

23. Microbial biomass: PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs)
Microbial biomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987)
ATP, Ergosterol, etc.
PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs)
Lipid extraction
Fractionation
Metil-esterificatión fatty acids
Gass Chromatography
Bligh & Dyer, 1959
Frostegard et al., 1993

24. RESAFE (LIFE)
PFLA Extraction
Trace GC Ultra
Lipid fractions

25. RESAFE (LIFE)
BIOCHAR showed no microbial population. In the rest organic wastes,
Bacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetes

26. (Containers with 75 litre)
RESAFE (LIFE)
LABORATORY ASSAY
(Containers with 75 litre)
Country
MIX
Recipe
N. of container replica
Collection time
N. of subsample ES UF
6040 1 T0 a 2
UFV
T20 b
UFVB 3
T40 c
T60

27. RESAFE (LIFE) TIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days VAP CONSERVATION
ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3)
ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3)
ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3)
TIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days
VAP CONSERVATION
For VAP conservation you must:
-- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat source
-- Put the box with label on the top surface
-- Use only the quantity you need
-- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light

28. --- VAP: 3-4 kg MIXTURES preparation: * UOW (semi-compost) 60%
* FOR (fresh material) 40%
* BIOCHAR: 10%
--- VAP: 3-4 kg

29. Containers with the mixtures at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days.
No light and temperature 26ºC
Sampling according to UNIRO and ENEA

30. SAMPLING
Samples obtained at 20 days
(samples were taken according to
the proposal for all partners)

33. WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT
CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT
ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4).
CEBAS will carry out the production of organic material according to the obtained results. ( kg). This organic material will be used on
plant experiments at field level
On amended soils: initial point and at the end of each crop
-- Biological analysis: fraction labile C, Soil respiration
Biochemical parameters: enzyme activities
Microbial community: PFLA,s (this parameters could be measured in some samples) PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids
Socio-economic impact of the project.

34. CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
For cereals: Las TIESAS field, (ITAP, Albacete)
ABARAN field experiment (for horticulture experiments)

35. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
CEBAS WORKING GROUP
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION