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Published byViolet Perry Modified over 9 years ago
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The Mongol Yoke and the Rise of Moscow Mongols – nomadic tribe from present day Mongolia Used terror to reduce conquered peoples into submission Ruled eastern Slavs (Russians) for 200 years – Mongol Yoke The princes of Moscow served the Mongol invaders as officials Ivan III (r. 1462-1505) declared independence from Mongols in 1480
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Moscow Princes = Autocrats – sole source of power (like khans) Claimed political and religious inheritance of Byzantine Empire Tsar contraction of Caesar Orthodox Christianity Religion source of nationalism and loyalty to the crown Tsar’s ruled through collaboration with nobility (boyars) Also created new nobility personally loyal to tsar – service nobility
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Tsar and People to 1689Tsar and People to 1689 Ivan IV “the Terrible” (r. 1533-1584) Fought wars against Mongols in east and Poland-Lithuanian in west Launched a reign of terror against boyar nobility
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Increased pressure on the peasants to pay for his wars led to a breakdown of the Muscovite state after his death – Time of Troubles (1598-1613) 1613 – Nobles elected Michael Romanov (grandnephew of Ivan the T) Represented restoration of tsarist autocracy Success of Romanovs in 17 th century Added Ukraine & Siberia to Russian territory Growth of bureaucracy and army Lots of natural resources from Siberia
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The Reforms of Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Sought to reform Russia to increase its military strength Of 36 year reign, only one year was peaceful Toured Western Europe Impressed with Dutch and English How could Russia profit from their example?
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Engaged Russia in the Great Northern War (1700-1721) with Sweden Military reforms Required nobles to serve in army or civil admin for life Created Western-style schools to train technicians for army Borrowed Western technology and hired Western advisers Created permanent standing army Increased taxes on peasantry threefold Promoted Western culture in Russia
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The Growth of St. PetersburgThe Growth of St. Petersburg Greatest of Peter’s reforms – creation of St. Petersburg Strategic military location near Baltic Sea
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Ordered Russians to build a Western and modern city Broad, straight, stone-paved avenues Conformity of architecture Social groups sectioned off into different areas Example of careful urban planning Drafted thousands of peasants to build city Desertion, death St. Petersburg proclaimed power of Russia’s rulers and the creative potential of absolutist state
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