1. Human Trafficking Introduction National & International Framework Advocate Val Lotan Human Rights Commission 4 June 2010

2. Topics 1. Introduction to HT 2. International Framework 3. National Framework 4. S71 Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007 5.HPPB KZN Task Team

3. INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING

4. The Saartjie Baartman Story A famous SA example of trafficking of a human being for exploitation

5. In 1810 - 21 year old Saartjie Baartman In 1810 - 21 year old Saartjie Baartman A farm worker A farm worker Promised fame, fortune and freedom by a visiting surgeon from England. (RECRUITED – deception/false promises) Promised fame, fortune and freedom by a visiting surgeon from England. (RECRUITED – deception/false promises) She accepted and travelled to London with him. (TRANSPORTED) She accepted and travelled to London with him. (TRANSPORTED)

6. She was exhibited naked in Paris and England and exploited by her trafficker for profit. ( EXPLOITED ) She was exhibited naked in Paris and England and exploited by her trafficker for profit. ( EXPLOITED ) Labelled “Hottentot Venus” Labelled “Hottentot Venus” She died 6 years after leaving SA at age 27. She died 6 years after leaving SA at age 27. Her body was dissected, organs removed and displayed in a French Museum. Her body was dissected, organs removed and displayed in a French Museum. 200 years later her experience is all too common for men, women and children 200 years later her experience is all too common for men, women and children

7. What is human trafficking???

8. Human Trafficking in its simplest definition is: “Modern Day Slavery” Buying and selling of human beings for purpose of exploitation

9. Various Forms of Trafficking: Victims are all races, gender and ages 1 2 FORCED LABOUR / FORCED BEGGING 3 ILLEGAL ADOPTIONS 5 ORGAN TRAFFICKING 4 CHILD SOLDIERS FORCED MARRIAGES CHILD SOLDIERS FORCED MARRIAGES PROSTITUTION & PORNOGRAPHY PROSTITUTION & PORNOGRAPHY

10. TIP STATISTICS A 12 million people worldwide are enslaved B Approximately 80% are women and girls C 50% are minors D 600,000 - 800,000 men, women and children are trafficked across international borders each year 80% of TIP consists of sex trafficking

11. Human rights Crisis!!! Internationally Human trafficking: 3rd largest criminal industry in the world, outranked only by arms and drug dealing. Human trafficking: 3rd largest criminal industry in the world, outranked only by arms and drug dealing. The United Nations estimates that trafficking in persons generates $7 to $10 billion annually for traffickers. The United Nations estimates that trafficking in persons generates $7 to $10 billion annually for traffickers.

12. Trafficking Statistics for South Africa Trafficking Statistics for South Africa The 5 week school-break during FIFA 2010 could lead to hundreds of children being recruited into child prostitution rings and others being trafficked. (IOM's "Eye on Human Trafficking", 2007) The 5 week school-break during FIFA 2010 could lead to hundreds of children being recruited into child prostitution rings and others being trafficked. (IOM's "Eye on Human Trafficking", 2007)  Between 28,000 to 30,000 children are currently being prostituted in South Africa. (Molo Songololo, 2000)

13. SA victims recruited from rural areas or informal settlements. SA victims recruited from rural areas or informal settlements. transported to the urban centres - exploited transported to the urban centres - exploited Boys under 18 years are increasingly lured into sexual exploitation and used for pornography. (IOM, RITSA, 2008) Boys under 18 years are increasingly lured into sexual exploitation and used for pornography. (IOM, RITSA, 2008)

14. Who Are Victims of Trafficking? Men, women, and children Men, women, and children Various ages and backgrounds Various ages and backgrounds Diverse national origins and cultures Diverse national origins and cultures

15. Sex slave epidemic hits E. Cape THE Eastern Cape is at the centre of a human trafficking epidemic. Hundreds of children are being plucked

16. International Organisation for Migration survey The province of origin for victims most frequently noted was the Eastern Cape. The province of origin for victims most frequently noted was the Eastern Cape. Followed by KwaZulu-Natal, Followed by KwaZulu-Natal, Northwest Province, Northwest Province, Limpopo and Limpopo and Northern Cape Northern Cape

17. Child Trafficking Children are recruited work as: domestic workers on farms and homesdomestic workers on farms and homes vendors,vendors, hawkers,hawkers, parking lot attendance,parking lot attendance, taxis fair collectors taxis fair collectors

18. Assistants in shops, cafes, flea markets, etc. Assistants in shops, cafes, flea markets, etc. Informal service, construction and manufacturing sectors. Informal service, construction and manufacturing sectors. beggars beggars to engage in criminal activities; into gangs, as drug sellers to engage in criminal activities; into gangs, as drug sellers

19. What does the face of trafficking look like?

20. What Does Human Trafficking Really Look Like? Labor Trafficking Domestic servitude Domestic servitude Agriculture Agriculture Construction Construction Restaurant work Restaurant work Sweatshops Sweatshops Salon work Salon work Manufacturing Manufacturing Small or family businesses Small or family businesses

21. What Does Human Trafficking Really Look Like? Sex Trafficking Prostitution Prostitution Massage parlors Massage parlors Tanning salons Tanning salons Brothels Brothels Pornography Pornography Sex tourism Sex tourism Exploitation of children Exploitation of children

22. The faces of trafficking common to our cases Maria came from a poor family and was looking for a better life, Maria came from a poor family and was looking for a better life, She accompanied the trafficker to S.A. She accompanied the trafficker to S.A. Promised a waitressing job. Promised a waitressing job. On arrival at JHB her passport was taken away On arrival at JHB her passport was taken away Drugged and kept in isolation until she was finally forced into prostitution. Drugged and kept in isolation until she was finally forced into prostitution.

23. “Fresh young Meat” at a price !

24. Face of violence “I wasn’t even permitted to sleep. I could eat, but only if very fast, just for a few minutes. I had no right to sleep. If I decided to go to bed, he would beat me, and throw me out onto the street.”

25. Loss of Personal Freedom

26. Rape, sexual assault

27. Shadir 15 year old boy living in India 15 year old boy living in India Offered a job that promised good clothes and an education; he accepted Offered a job that promised good clothes and an education; he accepted Instead of being given a job, Shadir was sold to a slave trader who took him to a remote village in India to produce hand-woven carpets Instead of being given a job, Shadir was sold to a slave trader who took him to a remote village in India to produce hand-woven carpets

28. Shadir He was frequently beaten. He was frequently beaten. He worked 12 to 14 hours a day and he was poorly fed He worked 12 to 14 hours a day and he was poorly fed Shadir was rescued by a NGO working to combat slavery Shadir was rescued by a NGO working to combat slavery It took several days for him to realize he was no longer enslaved It took several days for him to realize he was no longer enslaved He returned to his village, was reunited with his mother, and resumed his schooling. He returned to his village, was reunited with his mother, and resumed his schooling. Now Shadir warns fellow village children about the risks of becoming a child slave. Now Shadir warns fellow village children about the risks of becoming a child slave.

29. Human trafficking is a crime that occurs much more as a process that occurs much more as a process rather than as an event

30. The Trafficking Process is: FOR PROFIT EXPLOITATION TRANSPORTATION RECRUITMENT For Involuntary Servitude or Debt Bondage or Slavery or Sex Trade By Force OR Fraud OR Coercion

32. Why does Organised crime syndicates focus on Trafficking in Human Beings 1. 1. Low Investment 2. Maximum profit 3. Penalties are mild when compared to other organised crime, such as drug offences

33. HT may be difficult to detect and requires proactive / reactive investigations to uncover HT may be difficult to detect and requires proactive / reactive investigations to uncover It is a Crime shrouded by secrecy It is a Crime shrouded by secrecy Fronts of legitimate businesses Fronts of legitimate businesses Victims are threatened / afraid to talk Victims are threatened / afraid to talk Corruption is rife in various departments. Corruption is rife in various departments.

34. Language barriers Language barriers Inexperienced police and prosecutors unable to identify, investigate or prosecute effectively the crime of TIP Inexperienced police and prosecutors unable to identify, investigate or prosecute effectively the crime of TIP

35. We have yet to receive a direct report of Human Trafficking being reported It is usually the underlying offences of “prostitution” keeping a brothel Immigration Offences that are reported Certain of these offences can form the basis of a Human trafficking investigation and includes elements of organised crime

36. From cases we have identified signs of HT such as: Evidence of control and lack of ability to move freely or leave job Evidence of control and lack of ability to move freely or leave job Signs of physical abuse / threats of abuse Signs of physical abuse / threats of abuse Fear or depression Fear or depression Non-English speaking Non-English speaking Recent arrival from Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Canada, Africa, India or within the country. Recent arrival from Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Canada, Africa, India or within the country.

37. Lack of ID or immigration documents Lack of ID or immigration documents Debt bondage Debt bondage Earnings taken by manger/boss/pimp Earnings taken by manger/boss/pimp Previous arrests/history Previous arrests/history Presence of a “mama san” / person in charge Presence of a “mama san” / person in charge

38. International Framework: Why is it Important?

39. SA has obligations ito international law SA has obligations ito international law S. 39 of the SA Constitution allows international law / cases in court to be considered S. 39 of the SA Constitution allows international law / cases in court to be considered We are in line with international trends We are in line with international trends

40. SA Government Obligations SA Constitution – Sec. 28 Bill of Rights SA Constitution – Sec. 28 Bill of Rights UN Convention on the Rights of the Child UN Convention on the Rights of the Child The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child Optional Protocol to the UNCRC Optional Protocol to the UNCRC Stockholm Agenda for Action Stockholm Agenda for Action United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime UN Protocol to Prevention, Suppression and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially women & Children (The Palermo Protocol) UN Protocol to Prevention, Suppression and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially women & Children (The Palermo Protocol)

41. HT Main International Protocol Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol) Supplements the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime Supplements the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime

42. Article 3: DEFINITION of TRAFFICKING : TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS RECRUITMENT HARBOURING TRANSPORTATIONTRANSFER RECEIPT OF PERSONS PERSONS FOREXPLOITATION

43. Regional Charters Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa 2005 Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa 2005 Underlying document - African Charter on Human and People’s Rights Underlying document - African Charter on Human and People’s Rights Article 4 (1)– Right to Life, Integrity & Security of the Person Article 4 (1)– Right to Life, Integrity & Security of the Person Exploitation specifically prohibited Exploitation specifically prohibited Article 4 (2)(g) - Article 4 (2)(g) - Prevent & condemn trafficking Prevent & condemn trafficking Prosecute the perpetrators Prosecute the perpetrators Protect the victims Protect the victims

44. Regional Charters African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (2000) Article 16: Protection Against Child Abuse and Torture Article 16: Protection Against Child Abuse and Torture Article 27: Sexual Exploitation Article 27: Sexual Exploitation Sexual activity, prostitution and pornography Sexual activity, prostitution and pornography Article 29: Sale, Trafficking and Abduction Article 29: Sale, Trafficking and Abduction For any purpose by any person For any purpose by any person

45. Human Smuggling illegal entry into or illegal residence of a person in a State Party illegal entry into or illegal residence of a person in a State Party person is not a national or a permanent resident person is not a national or a permanent resident in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit… in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit…

46. Differences between trafficking, people smuggling & migration Trafficking is for the purpose of exploitation A trafficked victim: no informed consent Migration and people smuggling is not for the purpose of exploitation A smuggled migrant consents to the movement

47. Characteristics of Trafficking Deceit Violence Threat Deprivation of freedom of movement Confiscation of identity papers Confiscation of Travel documents Debt bondage T.I.P Force

48. Methods used to ensnare people

49. Adverts Adverts opportunities abroad (Eg: au pair, work on kibbutz, etc) opportunities abroad (Eg: au pair, work on kibbutz, etc) Deception and false promises. Deception and false promises. Lover boy approach Lover boy approach

50. Others were sold by family members, friends or a family friend. Others were sold by family members, friends or a family friend.

51. Once the job offer is accepted: Trafficker pays for the women’s traveling expenses and accommodation. Trafficker pays for the women’s traveling expenses and accommodation. On arrival at the place of destination, they are informed that they will be required to pay back these costs. On arrival at the place of destination, they are informed that they will be required to pay back these costs. Passport and Tickets taken away. Passport and Tickets taken away. No option but to work in the sex industry. No option but to work in the sex industry.

52. Traffickers target: those living in areas with: those living in areas with: Poverty Poverty Unemployment Unemployment High government corruption High government corruption Political instability Political instability Organized crime Organized crime Armed conflict Armed conflict Natural disasters ( Eg. Tsunami in Indonesia; earthquake in Haiti) Natural disasters ( Eg. Tsunami in Indonesia; earthquake in Haiti)

53. Exploitation takes place behind the fronts of legitimate businesses

54. NATIONAL FRAMEWORK South Africa

55. S 70 (1) (b) Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 defines: TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS SUPPLY REMOVAL SALE RECRUITMENT TRANSPORTATION DISPOSAL PROCUREMENT TRANSFER RECEIVING CAPTURE HARBOURING The Act

56. The Means

57. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF TRAFFICKING? For EXPLOITATION through various forms such as

58. Forced Begging Forced begging Forced begging Child soldiers Child soldiers Forced labour Forced labour Sweatshops Sweatshops Organ trafficking Organ trafficking Sexual exploitation Sexual exploitation Illegal adoptions Illegal adoptions Forced marriages Forced marriages

59. S71 is an interim provision pending the passing of the Combatting of TIP Bill S71 is an interim provision pending the passing of the Combatting of TIP Bill Criticism: Only sexual exploitation is criminalised and not the other forms of trafficking. Criticism: Only sexual exploitation is criminalised and not the other forms of trafficking. Hence urgency to pass the TIP Bill. Hence urgency to pass the TIP Bill.

60. Prosecution Issues under S71 (5) Sexual Offences Amendment Act A person who has been trafficked is not liable to stand trial for any criminal offence, for any criminal offence, including any migration-related offence, which was committed as a direct result of being trafficked

61. OFFENCES: S71 (1) S 71 (1): A person ("A") who traffics any person ("B"), without the consent of B, is guilty of the offence of trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. A person ("A") who traffics any person ("B"), without the consent of B, is guilty of the offence of trafficking in persons for sexual purposes. S 71(2): A person who (a) orders, (a) orders, commands, commands, organises, organises, supervises, supervises, controls or directs trafficking; controls or directs trafficking; (b) performs any act which is aimed at committing, causing, bringing about, encouraging, promoting, contributing towards or participating in trafficking; or (b) performs any act which is aimed at committing, causing, bringing about, encouraging, promoting, contributing towards or participating in trafficking; or

62. ( c)incites, ( c)incites, instigates, instigates, commands, commands, aids, aids, advises, advises, recruits, recruits, encourages or procures any other person encourages or procures any other person to commit, cause, bring about, promote, perform, contribute towards or participate in trafficking, to commit, cause, bring about, promote, perform, contribute towards or participate in trafficking, is guilty of an offence of involvement in trafficking in persons for sexual purposes is guilty of an offence of involvement in trafficking in persons for sexual purposes

65. NB: A commercial carrier in addition to any offence under this section A commercial carrier in addition to any offence under this section Is liable to pay the costs of the trafficked persons care and safekeeping and return from the RSA Is liable to pay the costs of the trafficked persons care and safekeeping and return from the RSA A court MUST order the above. A court MUST order the above.

66. Consent Issues Consent means voluntary or uncoerced agreement. Consent means voluntary or uncoerced agreement. Circumstances in which B does not voluntarily or without coercion agree to being trafficked include, but are not limited to, the following…. Circumstances in which B does not voluntarily or without coercion agree to being trafficked include, but are not limited to, the following…. a threat of harm; a threat of harm; (b)the threat or use of force, intimidation or other forms of coercion; (b)the threat or use of force, intimidation or other forms of coercion; (c)abduction; (c)abduction; (d)fraud; (d)fraud; (e)deception or false pretences; (e)deception or false pretences; (f)the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or (f)the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or (g)the giving or receiving of payments or benefits, (g)the giving or receiving of payments or benefits,

67. The Criminal law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 Section 61- extra- territorial jurisdiction applies. Section 61- extra- territorial jurisdiction applies.

68. COMBATING OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS BILL Currently still with the South African Law Reform Commission. Currently still with the South African Law Reform Commission. Makes provision to combat trafficking in persons generally, other offences associated with trafficking in persons, and provides for matters connected therewith. Makes provision to combat trafficking in persons generally, other offences associated with trafficking in persons, and provides for matters connected therewith.

69. COMBATING OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS BILL “exploitation” in terms of the TIP Act includes, but is not limited to— “exploitation” in terms of the TIP Act includes, but is not limited to— (a)all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery; (a)all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery; (b)forced marriage; (b)forced marriage; (c)sexual exploitation; (c)sexual exploitation; (d)servitude; (d)servitude; (e)forced labour; (e)forced labour; (f)child labour as defined in section 1 of the Children’s Act; (f)child labour as defined in section 1 of the Children’s Act; (g)the removal of body parts; and (g)the removal of body parts; and (h)the impregnation of a female person against her will for the purpose of selling her child when the child is born; (h)the impregnation of a female person against her will for the purpose of selling her child when the child is born;

70. COMBATING OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS BILL To give effect to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children To give effect to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (“Palermo Protocol”) (“Palermo Protocol”)

71. COMBATING OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS BILL Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, 2000. Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, 2000.

72. COMBATING OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS BILL When promulgated it will repeal the current section 71 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007. When promulgated it will repeal the current section 71 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007. Section 71 is transitional provision. Section 71 is transitional provision. It is not yet known when the Draft Bill will come into operation. It is not yet known when the Draft Bill will come into operation.

73. THERE IS NO PRESCRIPTION FOR TRAFFICKING OFFENCES THERE IS NO PRESCRIPTION FOR TRAFFICKING OFFENCES TRAFFICKING IS A SCHEDULE 6 OFFENCE (Bail Purposes) TRAFFICKING IS A SCHEDULE 6 OFFENCE (Bail Purposes) No specific penal sanction provision Sexual Off. Act No specific penal sanction provision Sexual Off. Act FALLS UNDER SCHEDULE 2 (PART 1) OF “MINIMUM SENTENCES ACT” FALLS UNDER SCHEDULE 2 (PART 1) OF “MINIMUM SENTENCES ACT”

74. World Sporting Events Athens & Germany

75. Statistics from the Greek Ministry of Public Safety: Statistics from the Greek Ministry of Public Safety: 95% increase in the number of HT victims identified in 2004. 95% increase in the number of HT victims identified in 2004. The number of known HT victims almost doubled The number of known HT victims almost doubled In 2005, the year after the Olympics, the number of known trafficking victims declined by 24%, but was still up 47% from the 2003 figure. In 2005, the year after the Olympics, the number of known trafficking victims declined by 24%, but was still up 47% from the 2003 figure. While numerous factors come into play, a certain correlation between the Olympics and an increase in human trafficking could not be discounted. While numerous factors come into play, a certain correlation between the Olympics and an increase in human trafficking could not be discounted.

76. 2004 Olympic Games in Athens: There was evidence that HT increased 2004 Olympic Games in Athens: There was evidence that HT increased Athens measures were not as extensive as those taken at the 2006 World Cup in Germany. Athens measures were not as extensive as those taken at the 2006 World Cup in Germany. The 2006 Germany FIFA World Cup provides lessons on the importance of preventative efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking. The 2006 Germany FIFA World Cup provides lessons on the importance of preventative efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking.

77. In South Africa Traffickers could view the 2010 Soccer World Cup as a short and long-term business opportunity. Traffickers could view the 2010 Soccer World Cup as a short and long-term business opportunity. 1) There is a risk of increased demand for prostitution which could be filled by HT victims (includes children). 2) Traffickers may attempt to bring trafficked persons posing as “visitors” into SA only to exploit them in other cities or transit them into the SA.

78. Anti-trafficking efforts for 2010 1) Deterrence: through effective public awareness campaigns before, during, and after the 2010 1) Deterrence: through effective public awareness campaigns before, during, and after the 2010 2) Disrupting trafficking networks: through proactive law enforcement measures. 2) Disrupting trafficking networks: through proactive law enforcement measures. 3) Preventing: By identifying victims in transit through border controls and comprehensive training for border agents; and, 3) Preventing: By identifying victims in transit through border controls and comprehensive training for border agents; and, 4) Protecting: victims by ensuring sufficient arrangements are made to provide them with safe and appropriate housing, counseling, legal aid, temporary residence status, translation and medical assistance while they recover from their ordeal. 4) Protecting: victims by ensuring sufficient arrangements are made to provide them with safe and appropriate housing, counseling, legal aid, temporary residence status, translation and medical assistance while they recover from their ordeal.

79. The Economics of Human Trafficking SupplyDemand

80. The Client can be prosecuted!!!!! Section 11 Act 32 / 2007: Engaging sexual services of persons 18 years or older

81. The KZN Provincial Inter-Sectoral Task Team on Human Trafficking, Prostitution, Pornography and Brothels (HPPB) KZN Provincial Action Plan to Combat HPPB

82. Objectives: The 4 P’s Prevention (Awareness) Prevention (Awareness) Protection (Victims) Protection (Victims) Prosecution (Offenders) Prosecution (Offenders) Partnerships (Stakeholders) Partnerships (Stakeholders)

83. Established partnerships with various NGO’s and government agencies Established partnerships with various NGO’s and government agencies Over 50 NGO’s and Government representatives on board the General Task Team. Over 50 NGO’s and Government representatives on board the General Task Team. Our aim is to implement the 4 P’s through our Provincial Action Plan Our aim is to implement the 4 P’s through our Provincial Action Plan

84. NPS KZN DPP: ORGANISED CRIME COMPONENT NPS KZN DPP: ORGANISED CRIME COMPONENT SOCA SOCA Human Trafficking Programme Co-ordinating Unit (SOCA) Human Trafficking Programme Co-ordinating Unit (SOCA) SAPS Organised Crime (OCIUS) SAPS Organised Crime (OCIUS) Crime Intelligence Crime Intelligence Local Criminal Record Centre (LCRC) Local Criminal Record Centre (LCRC) Technical Support Unit (TSU) Technical Support Unit (TSU) Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU) Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU) Witness Protection KZN Witness Protection KZN Via Foundation and K1 Media Via Foundation and K1 Media SA Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) SA Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) Border Control Border Control Ports Ports Metro Police Metro Police Southern Sun Hotels Southern Sun Hotels

85. Ethekwini Municipality (Licensing) Ethekwini Municipality (Licensing) ACSA ACSA IOM IOM Commission on Gender Equality Commission on Gender Equality Bobbi Bear Bobbi Bear Childline Childline Internet Service Providers. Internet Service Providers. Films & Publications Board KZN Films & Publications Board KZN Office on the Rights of the Child Office on the Rights of the Child Dept. of Justice Dept. of Justice Dept. Home Affairs Dept. Home Affairs Dept. of Education Dept. of Education Dept. Social Development Dept. Social Development Dept. of Labour Dept. of Labour Dept. of Arts, Culture & Tourism Dept. of Arts, Culture & Tourism Dept. of Health Dept. of Health Dept. of Comm. Safety Dept. of Comm. Safety SANDF SANDF ILO – International Labour Organisation ILO – International Labour Organisation UNODC UNODC

86. NB: We now have investigators who are able to look at the bigger picture NB: We now have investigators who are able to look at the bigger picture They target the manager /owner / boss INSTEAD of just the prostitutes. They target the manager /owner / boss INSTEAD of just the prostitutes. We have a set inter-sectoral response team led by the I/O for operations. We have a set inter-sectoral response team led by the I/O for operations.

87. What have you learned thus far What is Human trafficking What is Human trafficking The phases of the HT process The phases of the HT process What HT looks like What HT looks like Forms of HT Forms of HT Methods used to ensnare victims Methods used to ensnare victims Characteristics of HT Characteristics of HT International Framework International Framework National Framework National Framework Action Plan to combat HT in your province. Action Plan to combat HT in your province.

88. References & Sources National Legislation National Legislation International Conventions International Conventions Internet Research Internet Research Case study Case study Molo Molo SALC SALC Interpol & others Interpol & others

89. Thank You for your attention!!! Advocate Val Lotan Organised Crime Section DPP KZN 031 – 3345267 Fax – 031 3345220 vlotan@npa.gov.za