1. Elbow Humeroulnar Joint
By: Taylor, Jorey and Victoria

2. Surface Anatomy Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle
Radial styloid process
Ulnar styloid process
Olecranon
Cubital fossa
Carrying angle
Medial bicipital groove
Triceps tendon
Biceps tendon

3. Lateral & Medial Epicondyle
Lateral Epicondyle = A rough projection on the lateral side of the distal end of the humerus
Medial epicondyle =A rough projection on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus

4. Lateral & Medial Epicondyle

5. Radial & Ulnar styloid process
Radial Styloid Process = The shaft of the radius widens distally to form this process on the lateral side, which can be felt proximal to the thumb
Ulnar Styloid Process = Is located on the posterior side of the ulna’s distal end.

6. Radial & Ulnar Styloid process

7. Olecranon
Located at the proximal end of the ulna. It forms the prominence of the elbow

8. Cubital Fossa
The fossa in front of the elbow, bounded laterally and medially by the humeral origins of the extensors and flexors of the forearm

9. Carrying Angle
When your arms are held out at the sides and your palms are in supination, your forearm and hands should normally be about 5 to 15 degrees away from the body
This is the normal carrying angle of the elbow
It allows your forearms to clear the hips when swinging your arms, such as during walking
Because the carrying angle varies from person to person it is important to compare one elbow with the other when evaluating a patient

10. Carrying Angle

11. Medial bicipital groove
The groove along the medial surface of the arm separating the Biceps Brachii from Tricep Brachii

12. Triceps & Biceps tendon
Triceps tendon = My be felt as it descends along the posterior aspect of the arm to the olecranon
Biceps tendon = Can be palpated in the cubital fossa, immediately lateral to the midline.

13. Biceps & Triceps tendon

14. Bones of the Humeroulnar Joint
Humerus
The Humerus is the bone that is most
proximal to the Upper
extremity
Contains-
Capitulum,
Trochlea
Coronoid Fossa
Medial Epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Olecranon Fossa

15. Bones of the Humeroulnar Joint Cont.
Radius and Ulna
The Radius and Ulna are more distal of the
Humeroulnar Joint and attach to Humerus
Radius Contains-
Head
Neck
Radial Tuberosity

16. Bones of the humeroulnar Joint
Ulna contains-
Olecranon Process
Coronoid Process
Trochlear Notch
Radial Notch
Ulnar Tuberosity

17. Biceps Brachii O:Short head: Coracoid process;
Long process: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Radial Tuberosity and Bicipital aponeurosis
A: Supinates forearm, with forearm supinated flexes foreman, long head flexes arm
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
R: C5 and C6

18. synergist and antagonist of Biceps Brachii
S: Supination: Supinator
Forearm Flexion: Brachialis, Brachioradialis
Arm flexion: Coracobrachialis, Anterior Deltoid
A: Pronation: Pronator teres and quadratus
Forearm extension: Triceps Brachii
Arm Extension: Long head of Triceps, Posterior Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi

19. Triceps Brachii O: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula,
Lateral head: Posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove
Medial head: Posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
I: Proximal end of Olecranon process of ulna
A: Extension of the forearm. Long head extends arm, resists dislocation
N:Radial nerve
R: C6-C8

20. synergist and antagonist of Triceps Brachii
S: Forearm extension: Anconeus
Arm extension: Posterior Deltoid
A: Flexion of forearm: Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps brachii
Arm flexion: Biceps brachii, Anterior Deltoid

21. Brachialis O:Distal half of humerus, anterior surface
I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
A: Flexes forearm
N:Musculocutaneous nerve
R:C5 and C6
S: Forearm flexion: Biceps Brachii, Brachioradialis
A: Forearm extension: Triceps brachii

22. Brachioradialis
O:Proximal 1/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
A: Weak flexion of forearm
N: Radial nerve
R:C5-C7
S: Biceps brachii, Brachialis
A: Triceps brachii

23. Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments
I: Lateral, posterior, and proximal 1/3 of radius
A: Forearm supination
N: Radial nerve
R: C7 and C8
S: Supination: Biceps brachii
A: Pronation: Pronator teres, Pronator Quadratus

24. Pronator teres O: Ulnar head: Coronoid process of Ulna
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Middle of lateral surface of radius
A: Forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion
N: Median nerve
R:C6&C7

25. Synergist and antagonist of pronator teres
S: Pronation: Pronator quadratus
Flexion: Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
A: Supination: Supinator, Biceps brachii
Extension: Triceps brachii

26. Pronator quadratus O:Distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna
I: Distal fourth of anterior surface radius
A: Forearm pronation, binds ulna and radius together
N: Median nerve, Anterior interosseous nerve
R:C8,T1
S: Pronator teres
A: Supinstor, Biceps Brachii

27. nerves
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

28. nerves
1. Musculocutanous nerve (C5-C7) 2. Radial nerve (C5-8, T1) 3. Median nerve (C5-8, T1) 4. Ulnar nerve (C7-8, T1)

29. Ulnar nerve

30. Radial nerve

31. Median nerve

32. Musculocutaneous nerve

33. Ligaments Ligament = Connects bones to form a joint Articular Capsule
Radial anular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Interosseous membrane

34. Articular capsule
A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. Also call joint capsule

35. Radial anular ligament
This ligament encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna, forming the proximal radio-ulnar joint and permitting pronation and supination of the forearm

36. Interosseous membrane
A thin strong sheet of fibrous tissue between and connecting the shafts of the radius and ulna

37. Radial Collateral Ligament
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and blends distally with the anular ligament of the radius

38. Bursae Bursitis: Subcutaneous Olecranon bursa
Subtendinous olecranon bursa
Intratnedinous olecranon bursa
Bursitis:

39. Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa
Is located in the subcutaneous connective tissue over the olecranon

40. Subtendinous olecranon bursa
Is located between the olecranon and the triceps tendon, just proximal to its attachment to the olecranon

41. Intratnedinous olecranon bursa
Is sometimes present in the tendon of triceps brachii.

42. Cartilage
Articular cartilage = The cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the bones forming a synovial joint.

43. Articular capsule
Synovial membrane
Fibrous layer

44. Synovial membrane
Lines the internal surface of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule and the intracapsular non-articular parts of the humerus.
It continuous inferiorly with the synovial membrane of the proximal radio-ulnar joint
The joint capsule is weak anteriorly and posteriorly but is strengthened on each side by ligaments

45. Fibrous layer
The outer fibrous part of the capsule of a synovial joint

46. Arteries of the Humeroulnar Joint
Arteries of the Humeroulnar Joint receive oxygenated blood from the heart
Arteries here include
Brachial
Ulnar
Radial
Deep Brachial
Superficial Palmar arch

47. Arteries Cont. Other Arteries involved- Posterior Interosseous
Recurrent Interosseous
Anterior Interosseous

48. Veins of the Humeroulnar Joint
Veins of the Humeroulnar joint deliver deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Veins here include
Cephalic
Brachial
Basilic
Median Antebrachial
Median Cubital
Dorsal Venous Arch
(Network)

49. Clinical concerns of Humeroulnar joint
Lateral Epicondylitis- Tennis elbow is an inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. The forearm muscles and tendons become damaged from overuse — repeating the same motions again and again. This leads to pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow.
Causes of Tennis Elbow-
Overuse of the elbow joint in the use of sports not limited to…Playing Tennis

50. Treatment options for Tennis Elbow
Non Surgical options-
Physical Therapy
Braces
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines
Rest
Steroid Injections
Shock Wave Therapy

51. Treatment options for tennis elbow
Surgical options-
Open Surgery- The most common approach
Arthroscopic Surgery

52. Resources
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Gerard J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson 13th Edition
Essential Clinical Anatomy Keith L. Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F. Dalley.
Gary Blevins Muscle List 2014
Trail Guide To The Body Andrew Biel 4th Edition