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My Cell Book (Cover)
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Cell Theory (pg 1) Cells were first observed in 1665 by Robert Hooke, who looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope He saw tiny roomlike structures He called them cells
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Cell Theory (1 & 2) Several scientists worked together to develop the cell theory which states: All living things are made of cells 2.Living cells come only from other living cells
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Cell Theory (pg 2) 3.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
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Cell Theory (pg 3) Cells grow and divide
Because cells are so small, the microscope needed to be developed before scientists could study them
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What are cells made of? (pg 4)
very tiny structures called organelles While plant cells and animal cells have many of the same structures they have some that are different
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What are cell organelles? (5)
Cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. Each has a different job, but all structures must work together to keep the cell working properly.
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*Cell membrane (Structure) pg 6
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Describe the cell membrane
A thin covering that surrounds the cell Made up of a double layer of lipids and numerous proteins
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Function of Cell Membrane
Protects and supports the cell Controls what materials enter and leave
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Describe the Cell Wall (Structure) pg7
Ridgid wall made of cellulose Only in plants
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Function of Cell Wall Found only in plant cells Helps to support and protect the cell Also allows materials to enter and leave
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Cytoplasm (Structure) (pg 8)
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Describe cytoplasm Found in plant and animal cells Clear, jelly-like substance The area between the cell membrane and the nucleus Moves constantly in cell
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Function of the Cytoplasm
holds organelles
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Structure & Function of the Nucleus (pg 9)
control or direct the cell's activities
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Describe the nucleus Found in plant and animal cells Large, oval structure Near center of cell
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Mitochondria (Structure) pg 10
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Describe the Mitochondria
Rod-shaped Has an outer membrane and inner membrane that is folded in layers Found in plant and animal cells
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Function of the Mitochondria
Power House" of the cell Break down sugars into water and carbon dioxide Release large amounts of energy Energy is used to power the cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (Structure) pg 11
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Describe Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found in plant and animal cells folded membranes with or without ribosomes Clear, tubular passageways
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Function of the endoplasmic reticulum
carries proteins throughout the cell “roadway”
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Lysosomes (Structure) pg 12
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Describe Lysosomes Found in animal cells and sometimes in plant cells Small round structures digestive enzymes enclosed in a membrane
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Function of Lysosomes Cells cleanup crew digest worn out cell organelles and other wastes
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Vacuoles (Structure) pg 14
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Ribosomes (Structure) pg 13
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Describe Ribosomes Tiny grain like structure
Some stick to the ER others move around freely in the cytoplasm Found in plant and animal cells
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Make proteins and rRNA for the cell
Function of Ribosomes Make proteins and rRNA for the cell
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Plant cells usually have one large one
Describe Vacuoles sacs containing water, salt, carbohydrates and proteins Plant cells usually have one large one Animal cells have a few small ones or none at all
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Function of Vacuoles Storage tanks for the cells Store food, water and other materials Can also store waste materials Keep plant cells plump and firm
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Golgi Bodies (Structure) pg 15
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Describe Golgi bodies Stacks of flattened sacs Found in plant and animal cells
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Function of Golgi bodies
package, store, modify and transport molecules (proteins) Warehouse of cell
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*Chloroplasts (Structure) pg 16
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Describe Chloroplasts
Found only in plant cells Large green structure Contain chlorophyll - a green pigment
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Function of Chloroplast
convert the sun's energy (sunlight) into glucose
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Animal Cell pg 65
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Plant Cell pg 64
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