1. Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution

2. George Orwell (1903-1950)  Eric Blair  Educated at private schools  Resulted in hating the class system  disapproved of Communism  a socialist  Communism was not pure socialism because:  gulf in society  control of the peasants  Hypocritical  used his writings to communicate a political message

3. Orwell and Satire  Orwell was a socialist as well as a satirist  Orwell became a critic of capitalism and communism  Animal Farm is a Fable, a Satire, and an Allegory

4. Fable - A short story that has a moral and has animals as characters

5. Satire -The use of ridicule to attack ideas/failures/evil action

6. Modern Examples

7. Allegory  emblem: a visible symbol representing an abstract idea  uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor

8. Wall-E as an Allegory “Allegorically, two metallic robots and a tiny green plant growing out of a discarded shoe appear prophetic, perhaps hyperbolically representing the concept of love for another, the necessity for community and the fragility of the balance of nature.”

9. Why an Allegory?  Provides for a greater audience  Easy way to spread a complex idea to the masses  Less “in your face” type of persuasion To understand how Animal Farm is an allegory, you must have knowledge of the Russian Revolution.

10. Russian Revolution – How is Started  Czar Nicolas Romanov II  absolute power  huge social gulf between the peasants and the land owner and the elite  peasants and workers begin rebelling against the Czar in 1905

11. The Russian Revolution 1917-1945  Czar Nicholas II (Monarch of Russia) -surrendered power after a complicated civil war  His family was in rule for three centuries  Very small portion of people owned everything  Alexander Kerensky became Premier and was soon ousted

12. Bolshevik Power  Vladimir Lenin was leader  gained control in 1917  had the Romanov family murdered in 1918  wanted Communism

13. Russian Revolution Leaders  Vladimir Lenin based his theories on Karl Marx  German philosopher and the writer of “The Communist Manifesto”  Lenin became sick  Four People bode for power  Joseph Stalin  Gregory Zinoviev  Leon Trotsky  Lev Kamenev

14. Communism  Comes from the root word of “community”  Equal distribution of wealth and possessions among Russia’s citizens  Karl Marx is “The father of communism”

15. About Lenin:  Led Bolsheviks  Used the Red Guard to stop others from taking over Russia, then used it to take over Russia himself

16. Lenin…  New Economic Policy- allowed for limited private ownership of land and business  Renamed his party the Communist party in 1917  Named Russia to Soviet Union in 1922

17. More about Lenin…  Named Joseph Stalin Secretary General  1922- Lenin suffers paralyzing strokes  1924- Lenin dies  Stalin and Trotsky struggle for power

18. Russian Revolution Power  Joseph Stalin built his power behind the lines  Leon Trotsky: Was popular/charismatic, and famous for his speeches  Stalin leads an alliance against Trotsky and becomes Dictator of Russia

19. Stalin Wins!  Stalin out-maneuvers Trotsky and gains control  Stalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party because he is a threat

20. Leon Trotsky  Gifted speaker and writer  Political genius  Tried to end Russian involvement in WWI  Great thoughts and plans but had trouble actually installing them  Not liked by Lenin

21. Life under Stalin  Terrorized country with widespread arrests and executions  Anyone thought to be opposed to Stalin and Communism was executed on the spot

22. “Reign of Terror”  1934 “great purges” and “show trials”  Sent millions to Soviet labor camps  2-7 million innocent citizens are murdered  Employed KGB to repress any opposition  Used publications to report statistics inaccurately in his favor

23. Secret Police  Created secret police force KGB and later known as the NKVD. Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria

24. Stalin’s Plan  First “Five Year Plan”  attempt to make Russia a modern industrial state  “comrades” need to work harder so Soviet Russia can be a beacon of hope to workers everywhere Poster: encourages Soviet people to work together and promote industrialization.

25. Stalin in Power  1933 Second “Five Year Plan”- emphasized rapid growth of Soviet Industry  this worked fairly well, by the end Soviet Russia was a formidable world power

26. Cult Of Personality  A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses mass media to create a larger- than-life public image through unquestioning flattery and praise.

27. Secret Agreement  “German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact”: secret agreement between Stalin and Hitler  Neither country would attack each other

28. Liar!  Hitler lied!  1941- Germany fully attacks Russia!

29. Stalin’s Rule Against Trotsky  After Stalin came to power, he wanted Trotsky out  Trotsky was banished three times from three places  1 st : Expelled from Moscow  2 nd : Expelled from the Communist Party  3 rd : Expelled from Russia in 1936  Trotsky fled to Mexico in 1936  He was assassinated by Stalin’s orders in 1940

30. Blame Trotsky  During Stalin’s rule:  Russia’s economic system failed  Violence, fear, and starvation occurred throughout the country  Trotsky was blamed for it all  Those who were associated with Trotsky were executed  In all, over 20 million citizens were purged (killed, imprisoned, or severely made to change)

31. Stalin Dies  Stalin ruled as absolute dictator throughout WWII and until his death on March 5 th, 1953.  Theory on how he died:  1.Poisoned with warfarin (rat poison)  2. Stroke or brain hemorrhage