1. DOE Microgrid Demonstration Projects
3rd Defense Renewable Energy & Military Microgrids
Steve Bossart, Senior Energy Analyst
U.S. Department of Energy
National Energy Technology Laboratory
April 10, 2013

2. Topics Microgrid Concepts Challenges DOE Microgrid Program
Selected DOE Microgrid Project Results

3. Microgrid Concepts

4. Microgrids & Smart Grids
Central
Generation
Transmission
Load
Distributed Generation
E-Storage
Distribution
Microgrid
Includes DER & Load
Defined electric boundaries
Single controllable entity
Connect and disconnect from grid
Grid-connected or island-mode

5. A Possible Future Distribution Architecture
Municipal Microgrid
Distribution Control
Utility Microgrid
Military Microgrid
Industrial
Microgrid
Campus Microgrid
Commercial Park
Microgrid

6. Why Microgrids? Support integration of smart grid & renewables
Ease application of combined heat & power
Local generation reduces electricity losses
Disperses investments between central and local assets
Assist in reducing peak load
Serve critical loads
Provide local power quality & reliability
Promotes community involvement & energy independence
Provide local power during outages
Supports main grid
Provide ancillary services to main grid
Manage variability of loads and renewables locally

7. Some Challenges and Risks

8. Challenges to a Smart Grid
Businesses, state regulators, and consumer advocates are unconvinced of the value of smart grid technologies due to lack of performance data on costs and benefits
Insufficient or inadequate technologies, components, and systems to leverage IT potential of smart grid
No established standards for interoperability of systems and components
Insufficient cyber security for a smart grid architecture
Lack of a skilled workforce to build, install, operate, and maintain systems and equipment
Consumer understanding of the electrical infrastructure and opportunities enabled by smart grid technologies
Change management – vision, alignment, education, metrics
Future proofing – communications
Shift in regulatory paradigm – least cost, “used and useful”
All that sounds easy. But there are barriers whenever you introduce new technologies to an existing system
There are no well defined benefits – yet
Standards for interoperability are under development
Cyber security is a concern
New skills are needed in the existing workforce

9. DOE OE Microgrid Demonstration Program

10. Microgrid RD&D Projects

11. DOE-OE Primary Microgrid Field Projects
Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Projects
Mon Power - West Virginia Super Circuit
Chevron Energy Solutions - CERTS Microgrid Demo
City of Fort Collins MW Mixed Distributed Resources
Illinois Institute of Technology - IIT Perfect Power Demo
San Diego Gas & Electric - Borrego Springs Microgrid
Smart Grid Demonstration Projects (ARRA)
Battelle – Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration
LA Dept. of Water & Power Smart Grid Regional Demo
Southern California Edison Irvine Smart Grid Demo

12. DOE OE Primary Microgrid Project Locations
SDG&E
Battelle
SCE Ft
Collins
Chevron
Mon
Power
IIT
LADWP
RDSI
SGDP

14. Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP)
Number of Projects
Selected Projects
Total Funding
$1,647,637,256
Total Federal Funding
$620,027,274
Total Number of Projects 32
Demonstrate emerging technologies (including energy storage) and alternative architectures
Validate business models
Address regulatory and scalability issues
Large projects: $20M-$89M Small projects: $720K-$20M (Federal share)
4-year projects (average)
SGDP Recipient Types
The 600 million dollars for the demos focus primarily on
EMERGING TECHNOLGIES
And validating these technologies and the business case for them
Non-Profit, 9%

15. Common Objectives Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects
Reduce peak load
Benefits of integrated DER (i.e., DG, DR, e-storage)
Ability to integrate variable renewables
Operate in “islanding” and “grid parallel” modes
Import and export capabilities
Two-way communications (frequency, verification, data latency)
Data management
Price-driven demand response
Dynamic feeder reconfiguration
Outage management (i.e., number, duration, and extent)
Volt/VAR/frequency control
Balance distributed and central control
Cyber security
Interconnection and interoperability
Defer generation, transmission, and distribution investments

16. Common Technologies Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects
Generation and Energy Storage
Renewable energy (PV, wind)
Distributed generation (microturbines, fuel cells, diesel)
Combined heat and power
Energy storage (thermal storage, batteries)
T&D
Communications (wireless, PLC, internet)
Advanced metering infrastructure & smart meters
T&D equipment health monitors (transformers)
Consumers
Plug-in electric vehicles and charging stations (PHEV/PEV)
Smart appliances & programmable thermostats
Home Area Networks & In-Home Displays
Energy management systems

17. Selected DOE OE Microgrid Projects
Fort Collins, CO Alameda County, CA – St. Rita Jail Chicago, IL - IIT Campus

18. Fort Collins SGDP

19. Fort Collins RDSI

20. Fort Collins RDSI

21. CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail

22. CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail Results
14% peak reduction
Fuel cell (1 MW)
Photovoltaic (1.2 MW)
Battery (2MW; 12MWH)

23. Cloudy Spring Day

24. Goals of the IIT Microgrid Project
50% peak demand reduction
20% permanent demand reduction
Demonstrate the value of Perfect Power
Cost avoidance and savings in outage costs
Deferral of planned substations
New products and commercialization
Replicable to larger cities
Promotion of energy efficiency and cleaner cities

25. Loops at Perfect Microgrid

26. Components of IIT Microgrid
An 8 MW combined cycle gas unit
1.4 MW of PV cells on building rooftops to supply portions of campus load.
500-kWh ZBB storage increases the reliability and efficiency of the microgrid.
An 8 kW Viryd wind turbine is installed on the north side of the campus in Stuart soccer field.
Electric vehicle charging stations facilitating small energy storage and providing green energy for electric vehicles.

27. Peak Load Reduction Capability at Microgrid

28. Optimal Control of IIT Microgrid

29. Reliability Evaluation – Stochastic Solution
The installation of HRDS and storage will lead to the best expected reliability and economic indices.
Case
No HRDS
HRDS
HRDS + Storage
Exp. SAIDI
1.22
0.18
0.04
Exp. SAIFI
3.29
0.59
0.37
Exp. CAIDI
1.73
0.36
Exp. CAIFI
2.69
0.68
0.29
Exp. Operation Cost
224,073
146,899
120,038
Exp. Energy not Supplied
1,216.21
251.07
175.10
LOLE
13.153
2.360
1.467

30. Contact Information
Merrill Smith & Dan Ton Program Managers Microgrid R&D U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Delivery and Energy Reliability (202) (202)
Steve Bossart Senior Energy Analyst U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Lab (304)
Key Microgrid Resources:
DOE OE
Smart Grid