1. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Managing Engineering and Technology Sixth Edition Morse and Babcock

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Managing Engineering and Technology Sixth Edition Morse and Babcock Managing Research and Development Chapter 9

3. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

4. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Chapter Objectives Explain product and technology life cycles Describe the legal means to protect a person’s ideas Discuss the nature of creativity

5. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Product and Technology Life Cycles A new product begins as an idea for the solution of a problem or the satisfaction of a need Solutions today are the problems of tomorrow

6. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Product Life Cycle

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Research and Development Basic Research Applied Research Development

8. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. New Product Strategies First-to-market Follow-the-leader Me-too Application engineering

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Protection of Ideas

10. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Intellectual Property Ideas and inventions (products of the mind) Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks are methods of protecting intellectual property. Lawyers in this fields referred to as: intellectual property lawyers, patent lawyers, patent agents, or patent attorneys.

11. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Patent Types Design Patents –a fixed design or “look” of an object Utility Patents –composition of matter, process, method or apparatus Plant Patents

12. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Criteria for Patentability Novelty Usefulness Non-obvious to someone “skilled in the art”

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Disclosure Types Full, formal disclosure to Technology Transfer Manager Bound laboratory notebooks with third party corroboration Completion of Disclosure Checklist Include drawings and sketches

14. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Joint Inventorship Legally Speaking Two or more persons who have contributed to the inventive acts of an invention Group research often results in joint inventorship, however, it is critical to document evidence of joint inventorship in laboratory notebooks

15. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Laboratory Notebooks Legally Speaking The best primary record of invention is numbered, bound laboratory notebooks Pages skipped or not completely filled in by writing have a line drawn through the unwritten portion(s)

16. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Lab Notebooks... cont. Contemplated or planned experiments are written out as precisely as possible, with results recorded as soon as they are obtained Each page is initialed and dated by the person who directs the experiments

17. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Lab Notebooks... cont. Each page is initialed and dated by the person who conducts the experiments By following these rules, a complete and timely record of the experimental work, in a manner which is legally recognized as “highly probative evidence” will be obtained

18. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Document the Date of Conception Make numbered and dated comprehensive sketches and written description of the concept. Sign and date all documents with the inventor and two witnesses who are: –not the inventor –fully understand the idea –expected to be around years later to testify in court if necessary

19. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Document Diligence Record progress (or failure) using lab notebooks and project reports At least once a month, all of the inventors and two technically competent witnesses should sign and date the entries Always use actual dates... never backdate or predate

20. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Patent Infringement Patent is infringed when the invention covered by the patent is used without the permission of the inventor during the time that the patent is in force Patent owner has the right to sue the infringer in the federal courts and collect compensation for past infringement can cause the infringer to cease and desist all infringing activity

21. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Trademarks A distinguishing symbol, design, mark or word used by a manufacturer to identify his product from his competitors’ A mark, character or symbol by which another entity is recognized or associated

22. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Copyrights A copyright is a grant, by the United States, to an author for the right to exclude others (for a limited time) from reproducing his/her work

23. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Types of Copyrights Literary works Musical works Dramatic works Choreographic works Pictorial works Motion Pictures/Videos Sound Recordings

24. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Web addresses Patent Office http://www.uspto.gov Copyright http://www.copyright.gov/

25. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Creativity

26. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Creativity Process Preparation Frustration Inspiration or illumination Verification

27. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Creativity Techniques Brainstorming Nominal Group Technique Attribute-listing Mindmapping

28. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Characteristics of Creative People Self-confidence and independence Curiosity Approach to problems Personal: loners, game players, creative writing

29. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Kinds of People Needed for Technological Innovation Idea generator Entrepreneur Gatekeeper Program managers Sponsor or Champion

30. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Entrepreneur One who undertakes effort to transform innovation into product