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GET TO KNOW ABOUT AUTISM By: Nurul Nadia Abu Bakar A137246
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Communication Social Interaction Unusual Behavior Learning MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
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COMMUNICATION Impaired communication skills > Verbal – odd pitch/intonation, abnormal rate, lack of expressive language skills, unusual rhythm > Non Verbal – lack of eye contact, inappropriate facial expression, unusual use of gestures, strange body gestures
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SOCIAL INTERACTION Difficulty relating to people, objects and events Avoid physical contact Impairment of social interaction and abnormal social play
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UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR Repetitive movements Insistence on sameness Sensitive towards loud noises, some smells and light Unconventional use of toys and objects
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LEARNING Cognitive problems in; > attention > organization > sequencing
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AUTISM
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Accommodating With Their Learning Needs No single method successful for all Students’ needs change over time Teachers should try other/variety of approaches
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Teaching Students With Autism Instructional approaches Strategies for classroom management Strategies for communication development Strategies for teaching social skills Teaching functional skills
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Visual approaches – pictures / written schedules Provide precise, positive praise while the student is learning Plan tasks at an appropriate level of difficulty Use age-appropriate materials Provide opportunities for choice INSTRUCTIOANAL APPROACHES
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Cont. Provide brief and clear oral instructions Give extra time for them to respond Use concrete examples and hand-on activities Know more about the children from their family
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SRATGEGIES FOR CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Provide a structured, predictable classroom environment Provide a customized visual daily schedule Provide relaxation opportunities and areas – repetitive movements
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Plan for transition and prepare the student for change Provide opportunities for meaningful contact with peers who have appropriate social behavior
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STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT Structured lesson on learning to listen Developing oral language comprehension – using visual aids, gestures Developing oral expression - Developing conversation skills – encourage informal conversation
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STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING SOCIAL SKILLS use social stories teach components of key social skills provide planned practice and reinforcement for skills provide practice of skills using picture cue-cognitive picture rehearsal use peer support use social skills training groups support the development of friendships
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TEACHING FUNCTIONAL SKILLS Self care – hygiene, grooming, dressing Functional academics – reading, writing and mathematics Vocational skills – punctuality, safety procedures Leisure skills – sports, arts Community skills – using public transport, using public washrooms
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References http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism Wood, Judy W. (2002), Adapting Instruction To Accommodate Students in Inclusive Setting; Merrill Prentice Hall, Ohio Teaching Students with Autism a Resource Guide for School (2000), British Columbia, Ministry of Education (Special Programs Branch)
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