1. U.S.A

2. Learning Objectives Know U.S. Army missions and function
Understand the U.S. Army Organizational Components
Understand the difference between U.S. Army Basic & Special branches
Know the Department of the Army organization
Understand the organization of Tactical Army Units

3. U.S. Army-Background Force Projection
Primarily based in the U.S. unlike cold war Era
Relies on Navy and Air Force for mobilization / Deployment

4. Missions & Functions Primary mission: Function
Prepare Land Forces for War
To fight our country’s wars and Win!!
Function
Organize, train, and equip forces for land combat operations designed to defeat enemy land forces, seize and occupy land areas.

5. Secondary Missions & Functions
Provide air defense units to defend friendly forces
Coordinate for joint amphibious operations with other services
Conduct special operations
Develop doctrines, procedures, and plans in conjunction with other services engaged in airborne operations
Train and provide occupational forces and establishment of military government

6. Missions & Functions
Provide humanitarian relief during national disasters
Assist civilian communities during disturbances
Assist with civic action programs

7. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Infantry & Armor: Lead soldiers and armored forces and employ combined arms teams in combat
Field Artillery: Provide fire support in combat
Air Defense Artillery: Employ air defense artillery weapons against enemy aircraft or missile attack

8. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Aviation: Participate in the entire spectrum of the army mission (combat, combat support, combat service support, etc.)
Special Forces: Accomplish missions of unconventional warfare, foreign international defense, direct action, strategic reconnaissance, and counterterrorism

9. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Corps of Engineers: Lead engineer soldiers in combat and combat support operations and carry out construction management and facilities engineering in the field
Signal Corps: Plan and manage communications systems from combat units to the nation’s defense communications system

10. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Military Police: Support combat operations enforcement of laws and regulations, security of government property, criminal investigative operations, and the discharging of correctional functions
Military Intelligence: Plan, conduct and supervise the collection , analysis, production, and dissemination of finished intelligence products

11. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Civil Affairs: Command, control and coordinate civil military operations and civil administration
Adjutant General: Manages administrative & personal needs
Finance Corps: Responsible for management financial resources for Army

12. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Chemical Corps: Responsible for operations, training, scientific development and acquisition in support of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defense programs
Ordnance Corps: Maintenance and life cycle management of armament, conventional and special munitions, test equipment, management of air defense and land combat missile systems and construction material

13. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Basic Branches and Purposes
Quartermaster Corps: Plan and direct all phases of the acquisition cycle along with the preservation of supplies and equipment

14. U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major)
Special Branches
Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG)
Chaplain Corps
Medical Corps
Dental Corps
Veterinary Corps (Only service to have DVM’s)
Nurse Corps
Medical Specialist Corps

15. Department of the Army Organization
Secretary of the Army
Appointed civilian
Responsible for all affairs affecting the Department of the Army
Staffs
Officer of the Chief of Staff:
Principal military advisor to the Secretary of the Army
Planning, development and execution of the Army programs

16. Organization of Tactical Army Units
Corps
Division
Brigade
Battalion
Company
Platoon
Squad

17. Organization of Tactical Army Units
Squads
Smallest component (4-10 individuals)
Platoons
2 or more squads
Led by 1st and 2nd LTs
Companies
2 or more platoons, usually of the same type
limited capacity for self support
Led by Captains

18. Organization of Tactical Army Units
Battalions
2 or more company sized units and a headquarters
Generally organized by branch with the addition of administrative and logistical support
Led by Lieutenant Colonels

19. Organization of Tactical Army Units
Brigades
2 or more battalions
Can be part of a higher divisional structure of separate units
Led by Colonels or Brigadier General

20. Organization of Tactical Army Units
Divisions
8-11 maneuver battalions
3-4 field artillery battalions and an entire range of combat support and combat service support, equipment and personnel, infantry, armored, mechanized infantry airborne, air assault and light infantry units will be present
Corps
Largest tactical unit
Plans and conducts major operations

21. Questions?

22. USAF

23. U.S. AIR FORCE

24. Overview Know U.S. Air Force Missions
Understand U.S. Air Force Organizational components

25. U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic aerospace offense
Strategic aerospace defense
Counter air
Air interdiction
Close Air Support
Special Operations
Airlift
Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance
Aerospace maritime operations

26. U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic Aerospace Offense
Objective-neutralize or destroy an enemy’s war-sustaining capabilities.
Attacks directed against an enemies key military, political, and economic power bases.

27. U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic Aerospace Defense
Integrate aerospace warning, control, and intercept forces to detect, identify, and destroy enemy forces attacking our nation’s war sustaining capabilities.
Provide strategic warning and assessment of strategic attack to the National Command Authority through an extensive network of warning sensors (on the earth and in space).

28. U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air
Objective is to gain control of the aerospace environment- dog fighting
Offensive Counter Air (OCA)
Seek out and neutralize/destroy enemy aerospace forces at a time and place of our choosing.

29. U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air (cont)
Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD)
Neutralize, destroy, or temporarily degrade enemy air defensive systems in a specific area physical and/or electronic attack.
Example: Jam/Harm

30. U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air (cont) Defensive Counter Air (DCA)
Detect, identify, intercept, and destroy enemy aerospace forces that are attempting to attack friendly forces or penetrate friendly airspace.

31. U.S. Air Force Missions Air Interdiction (AI)
Delay, disrupt, divert or destroy an enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces.
Example: Bombing / Strike missions

32. U.S. Air Force Missions Close Air Support (CAS)
Supports ground operations by attacking hostile targets in close proximity to friendly ground forces.
Requires detailed coordination and integration.
Very fluid and dynamic

33. U.S. Air Force Missions Special Operations
Assists strategic or tactical objectives through the use of low visibility, covert or clandestine operations.
Usually conducted in enemy controlled or politically sensitive areas
Example: U-2

34. U.S. Air Force Missions Airlift
Deploys, employs, and sustains military forces through transportation of men, equipment, and supplies in the air.
Combat missions
Air drop
Extraction
Air landing of ground forces and supplies into combat

35. U.S. Air Force Missions Airlift (cont.)
Combat support missions
Logistics support transportation of personnel and equipment
Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance
Intelligence gathering
Ex.-RC-135

36. U.S. Air Force Missions Aerospace maritime operations
Neutralize or destroy enemy naval forces and to protect friendly naval forces and shipping.
Support role for the Navy

37. USAF Organizational Components
Flights
Squadrons
Groups
Wings
Numbered Air Forces
Major Commands

38. USCG

39. U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant Marine

40. U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant Marine
Overview
USCG Role in DOD
USCG Missions
Merchant Marine Missions
Merchant Marine Organization

41. U.S. Coast Guard (Dual role)
Department of Homeland Security- Normal peacetime role
Department of Defense- When directed by the President, the Coast Guard will operate as a part of the Navy.
It will maintain its’ normal peacetime responsibilities as well

42. U.S. Coast Guard Missions
Enforce all maritime laws and treaties
Search and Rescue (SAR)
Enforce National Drug policy
Install, maintain, service and operate all aids to navigation including:
Navigation lights
Channel Markers
Navigational sound-signaling devices

43. U.S. Coast Guard Missions
Ice Breaking- Maintain clear passage in domestic waters for all commercial and military traffic
Support scientific research projects in the Arctic and Antarctic
Maintain readiness to fulfill any military function as directed

44. U.S. Coast Guard Missions
Environmental cleanup control
Boating safety in domestic and inland lakes and waterways
Provide military reconnaissance (in Wartime)
Safeguard ports and harbors against destruction from sabotage
Investigate any maritime disaster in domestic waters

45. U.S. Merchant Marine
Role in DOD: Augment the overseas lifting capabilities of the Navy and Air Force for personnel, equipment, and stores.
Transports materials by U.S. and its allies.
In wartime, ships needed by DOD are obtained from shipping reserves or contracted to the Military Sealift Command (MSC)

46. Merchant Marine Organization
Maritime Administration (MARAD)- Civilian organization under the Department of Transportation which regulates the U.S. shipping industry (Peacetime)
Provides positive control over the nations shipping assets in order to ensure maximum efficiency in support of vital military and economic priorities. Known as Civil Direction of Shipping (CDS)

47. Questions?

48. HOMEWORK
Reading:
“Forward…from the Sea”