1. Morphology of Plants

2. Objectives Define plant morphology Describe characteristics of the leaves, stems, roots, and flowers of range plants Describe the anatomy of grasses

3. Plant Morphology Describes the physical form and external structures of a plant

4. Roots

5. Stems Stems—the axes of plants—consist of nodes (where leaves and axillary buds are produced) separated by internodes.

6. Stems Hollow or PithySolid Not JointedSolidWoody Solid GrassesGrass-likesForbsShrubs (Sedges)(Rushes)

7. Sharp things  Thorn - sharp-pointed stem/shoot (fr. axillary bud)  Spine - sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part leaf spine (also leaflet spine) stipular spine petiolar spine  Prickle - sharp pointed epidermal appendage

8. Fig. 38.23

9. Fig. 38.28a

10. Fig. 38.28b

11. Fig. 38.28c

12. Stem (Shoot) Types & Modifications

15. Onion Bulb

16. Compare ……???

17. Leaves Important characteristics – Type – Arrangement – Shape – Margin – Veination – Apex

18. External Parts of the Leaf

19. Leaf parts Blade Petiole Pair of stipules

20. The major parts of the leaf are shown in Figure 4.3. In monocots the leaf is almost always broadly sheathing at the base. In taxa such as grasses and gingers there is an adaxial flap or ligule at the junction of the sheath and blade. A leaf that lacks a petiole is said to be sessile.

21. Leaf Types Simple Compound Compound - PalmateCompound - Pinnate

22. Leaf Arrangements (Compound)

23. Leaf Morphology

25. Leaf Forms

26. Leaf characteristics

27. Leaf Shapes Ovate Palmate Linear EllipticLanceolateOblanceolate Wedge-shapedArrow-shapedObovate

28. Finally, the leaf may have many parallel veins, a pattern termed parallel venation.

29. Leaf Bases

31. Leaf Margins

32. Leaf margins

33. Leaf Margin - The leaf blade may have lobed or unlobed margins. These and other types of margins are: unlobed, lobed, entire, dentate, serrate, and crenate.

34. Leaf Margins Serrated Lobed-pinnateLobed-palmate ToothedScallopedEntire

35. Leaf Tips

36. Leaf Apex and Base - Various terms relating to the shape of the leaf apex or leaf base include: acute, obtuse, acuminate, emarginate, truncate, and rounded (apex); acute, obtuse, rounded, decurrent, truncate, cordate, lobate, and sagittate (bases).

37. Leaf Veinations ParallelPinnate PalmateNetted

38. Leaf Arrangements (Simple)

39. Leaf Arrangements Alternate OppositeWhorled

41. Leaf Arrangement

42. Fig. 38.30