1. The Work Breakdown Structure is a Product of the Systems Engineering Process
The program work breakdown structure (WBS) establishes the essential
framework for program and technical planning, cost estimating, resource
allocations, performance measurements, and status reporting. The WBS
shall define the total system to be developed or produced, display the total
system as a product-oriented family tree composed of hardware, software,
services, and data, and relate the elements of work to each other and to the
end product.

2. WBS Definitions
Program WBS - A program WBS shall be developed to define initially the
top three levels of a WBS for the entire acquisition cycle of the system
being acquired. A final program WBS shall be prepared by compiling the
elements of the contract WBSs with the initial program WBS.
Contract WBS - From the initial program WBS, preliminary contract
WBSs for individual contracts shall be developed to be negotiated with
the contractors involved. The contract WBS shall be extended to lower
levels by the contractor using as guidance MIL-HDBK-881.

4. Specifications shall Conform to the WBS
1. WBS elements may contain both nonrecurring and recurring effort.
2. Integrated logistics support and software shall be accommodated in the
appropriate levels of the WBS in accordance with MIL-HDBK-881.
3. Functional cost elements such as engineering, tooling, quality control, and
manufacturing are not WBS elements and shall not be represented as
such in the WBS.

5. Example System Configuration
Legend
SS Subsystem
PROC Process
HW Hardware
SW Software
FW Firmware
System
SS-1
SS-2
SS-3
SS-11 HW
SS-12
PROC
SS-13 HW
SS-31 HW
SS-32 SW
SS-21
SS-22
SS-221 HW
SS-222 FW
SS-121 HW
SS-122 HW
SS-211 HW
SS-212 FW
SS-213 SW
SS-2221 HW
SS-2222 SW
SS-2121 HW
SS-2122 SW

6. EXERCISE #1
Background: You have recently been assigned to the IPD Team for the Peace Whey program. Peace Whey is a recently approved FMS program which will provide 20 F-16Cs to the Kurdish Air Force (KAF). The specifications for the Kurdish F-16s call for them to be equipped with the Airborne Jamming System (AJS), an electronic warfare system. Your position will be as AJS team leader responsible for the oversight of design and testing of the AJS system, for its integration into the Peace Whey aircraft, and for the AJS lab and flight testing verification. In addition, you must act as the interface between the AJS team and the other teams making up the IPD Team for the Peace Whey program, making certain that the program office is supported in its overall coordination and management tasks.
Exercise: Referring to the Statement of Customer Requirements for AJS (Part 1) which you have been provided, develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the AJS development and production task as a part of the overall air vehicle development task.

7. AJS Statement of Customer Requirements
Customer: Kurdish Fighter Program (Peace Whey)
Operational Need: Fighter aircraft operating in a hostile environment require extensive electronic countermeasures (ECM) to defeat air-launched and ground-launched threats to the survivability of the aircraft. These ECM systems must be capable of generating and broadcasting radio frequency (RF) energy at sufficient power levels and in appropriate patterns to defeat any threat encountered by the aircraft.

8. AJS Statement of Customer Requirements (Cont.)
Description: The AJS shall be capable of installation on a lightweight, high-speed, multi-role fighter and shall be supportable in primitive forward operating bases. The system shall be capable of transmitting radio frequency signal in the microwave frequency range at sufficient power levels and in patterns capable of successfully jamming all identified threats at the required operational range. The AJS system shall consist of the following major components:
1. Core Avionics: Shall consist of the jammer, the radar warning receiver, and the OFP software. Shall be capable of generating the required RF signal in the microwave band at required power levels and of detecting radar emissions from the threat set at the required ranges.
2. RF Switch H/I/J Band: Shall control selection of broadcast frequency bands as required.
3. Fire Control Radar Notch Filter: Shall prevent interference of the Fire Control Radar (FCR) by the AJS system.
4. Forward Transmit Antenna
5. Aft Transmit Antenna and Raydome
6. WRD-650D24 Waveguide
7. Coaxial Cable

9. AJS Statement of Customer Requirements (Cont.)
Schedule:
1. Flight Test: The Safety of Flight(SOF) unit for flight test shall be available for installation 26 months after program go-ahead.
2. First Production Delivery: The first production assembly shall be delivered 36 months after program go-ahead.
3. Delivery Rate: Delivery of AJS units shall be at the rate of 2 units per month.
4. Total Quantity: The total quantity of AJS units shall be 20.
Customer Priorities:
1. Power Transmitted.
2. Weight
3. First production delivery.
4. Cost not to exceed $125,000/unit (for 20 units).

10. See MIL-HDBK-881

11. Cost, Schedule, and Performance Risk Management
The program manager shall establish a risk management program for each
acquisition program to identify and control performance, cost, and schedule
risks. The risk management program shall identify and track risk drivers,
define risk abatement plans, and provide for continuous risk assessment
throughout each acquisition phase to determine how risks have changed.
Risk reduction measures shall be included in cost-performance tradeoffs,
where applicable. The risk management program shall plan for back-ups
in high risk areas and identify design requirements where performance
increase is small relative to cost, schedule, and performance risk.

12. Cost as an Independent Variable (CAIV)
The acquisition strategy shall address methodologies to acquire and
operate affordable DoD Systems by setting aggressive but achievable cost
objectives and managing achievement of these objectives. Cost objectives
shall be set to balance mission needs with projected out-year resources,
taking into account anticipated process improvements in both DoD and
defense industries. This concept has become known as “cost as an
independent variable,” meaning that cost shall be more of an input, and
less of an output, in the process of acquiring DoD systems.

13. Cost/Performance Tradeoffs
Life-cycle cost-performance tradeoffs shall be considered in each phase
by a life-cycle cost-performance integrated product team (CPIPT). The
organization and activities of the CPIPT is based on the principle that the
best time to reduce life-cycle cost is early in the acquisition process and
that cost performance tradeoffs analyses shall be conducted before an
acquisition approach is finalized.

17. SEMS Interrelationships