1. Unit 12 PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

2. Today’s Objectives…. By the end of the session all learners will have… Contributed at least 1 of their own perceptions of Freud to class discussion Developed own interpreation of their psyche Contributed to class discussion on psychosexual stages of development Identified at least 5 important elements of the Little Hans case study Explained own interpreation of what the unconscious mind consists of Applied theories to the real world / todays society Some leaner's will… Lead discussion Start to consider how theory could influence development of therapy

3. Psychodynamic Psychology How well do we know ourselves? The unconscious mind How do our parents shape us? Developmental influences What do our dreams mean? Symbolism in behaviour & experience

4. Sigmund Freud We are animals, driven by basic biological motives The emergence of society required us to bring our animal impulses under control Psychology involves understanding how our instincts are channeled to produce civilized behaviour – and what can go wrong with this process.

5. Psychodynamic Assumptions All behaviour can be explained in terms of the inner conflicts of the mind The role of the unconscious mind, the structure of personality and the influence of childhood experiences all have an impact on later life

6. The Psyche (Personality) Id: Instincts Superego: Morality Ego: Reality

7. Healthy Psyche IdSuperegoEgo OK Guys – I’m in charge. Anything you want has to go through me. OK.

8. Neurotic Id Superego Ego Listen up! I’m in charge, and you are not here to enjoy yourselves. Get ready for a double-size portion of anxiety with a side order of guilt! No fun. >whimper<

9. Psychotic Id SuperegoEgo Sex! Food! Drink! Drugs! NOW! Who turned out the lights?

10. Psychopathic OK. First, gimme food. Then I want sex – lots of it and I don’t particularly care whether it’s with a willing partner. Then I want to hurt people. Badly. Probably be hungry again after that so… OK then. Let’s go.

11. How can the Ego deal with the other 2? …. determined during childhood Every child goes through the psychosexual stages of development First 3, personality develops as the source of its libido moving around the body Different impulses are tolerated from the parents

12. The 5 stages of psychosexual development Oral sucking, swallowing etc. Anal withholding or expelling faeces Phallic masturbation Latent Little or no sexual motivation present Genital sexual intercourse EGO develops SUPEREGO develops Origin of libido and sources of pleasure Key events / influences Breast feeding, weaning Potty training Oedipus / Electra complex Acquiring knowledge and understanding of the world

13. Problems at any stage at any stage of development can results in the child getting fixated (stuck) at a stage….. This then has an impact on behaviour later in life StageResult of fixation OralSmoking, nail biting, dependency, aggression AnalMessiness and generosity OR Obsessiveness, tidiness and meanness PhallicVanity and self-centrered OR Anxious and self-doubt Latent Genital‘Normal’ adult personality and sexuality

14. Little Hans Read the case study…. What can this study inform us about the Oedipus complex? What can we learn about the inner conflicts of the mind? Can we use this in today's world??

15. The Unconscious… Freudian slips….who has accidently said a Freudian slip??! "For seven and a half years I've worked alongside President Reagan. We've had triumphs. Made some mistakes. We've had some sex... uh... setbacks." -A Freudian slip by President George H.W. Bush Freud = the unconscious mind ~ slip of the tongue in which a word you were subconsciously thinking about is substituted for the one that you meant to say

16. The Unconscious Where do you think the unconscious conscious and preconscious are? What things do you think are in these 3 areas of our state of consciousness? e.g. thoughts? Feelings? etc

17. The Unconscious The conscious. The small amount of mental activity we know about. The preconscious. Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried. The unconscious. Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of. Thoughts Perceptions Memories Stored knowledge Fears Unacceptable sexual desires Violent motives Irrational wishes Immoral urges Selfish needs Shameful experiences Traumatic experiences Bad Worse Really Bad

18. Motives Latent motives – the unconscious forces that drive our behaviour Manifest motives – the lies we tell ourselves to protect us from the truth

19. Defence mechanisms ~ converting unconscious impulses into more acceptable terms Denial arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist e.g. denying that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion Displacement taking out impulses on a less threatening target e.g. slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss Intellectualization avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects e.g. focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief Projection placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else e.g. homophobia

20. Defence mechanisms cont…. Rationalisation supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason e.g. stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up to the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance Reaction Formation taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety e.g. having a bias against a particular race or culture and then embracing that race or culture to the extreme Regression returning to a previous stage of development e.g. sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way

21. Defence mechanisms cont… Repression locking in the unconscious e.g. forgetting traumatic events from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety Sublimation acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way e.g. trying to forget something that causes you anxiety Suppression pushing into the unconscious e.g. sublimating your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy

22. A snippet of Freud…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho4PzRp3Fwk

23. Additional… In small groups, discuss…. How could this theory be applied to therapy? What areas of Health and Social care could this approach be applied to? Why?

24. Today… All of you should have… Contributed at least 1 of your own perceptions of Freud to class discussion Developed own interpreation of their psyche Contributed to class discussion on psychosexual stages of development Identified at least 5 important elements of the Little Hans case study Explained own interpreation of what the unconscious mind consists of Applied theories to the real world / today's society Some of you may have… Lead discussion Started to consider how theory could influence development of therapy