1. How do geological processes and climate change affect evolution?

2. It is by the ff.
Tectonic plates movements

3. Volcanic Eruption

4. Earthquake

5. Climate Change

6. Geologic Processes Affects Natural Selection
The tectonic plates have drifted slowly on the planets mantle.

7. Effects
The location of continents and oceanic basins have greatly influenced the earth’s climate and thus helped to determined where animals and plants can live.
Species has allowed to move , adapt a new environment and form new species to natural selection.

8. Climate change and Catastrophes affect natural selection
Cooled
Covered with ice

9. Warm
Melted ice and raised the sea level

10. How do speciation , extinction and human activities affects biodiversity?

11. It can decrease biodiversity by causing premature extinction of species and by destroying or degrading habitats needed for the development of new species

12. How do new species evolve
It is by NATURAL SELECTION and also called as SPECIATION.
SPECIATION- it is a process where a specie splits into 2 or more different kinds of species.

13. 2 Kinds of Speciation
1. Geographic Isolation- a specie become physically isolated from one another for a long period of time.

14. 2. Reproductive Isolation
- mutation and change by natural selection operate independently in the gene pools of geographically isolated populations.

16. Extinction is forever
Extinction- a process in which an entire specie ceases to exist or a population of a specie becomes extinct or gone over a large region but not globally.
Ex. Endemic specie- specie that found only in one area.

17. 2 kinds of extinction
1. Background extinction- species have disappeared at a low rate (1 to 5 species extinct)
2. Mass extinction.- species have disappeared at a high rate (a large group of specie extinct)

18. What is species diversity and why is it important?

19. Species diversity is a major component of biodiversity and tends to increase the sustainability of some ecosystems.
Species diversity includes the variety and abundance of specie in a particular place.
- species richness
- species evenness

21. What roles do species play in an ecosystem?

22. Each species plays an ecological role called NICHE.

23. Cockroaches

24. It is the natures ultimate survivors lived around 350 million years.
They survived because they can eat anything that they see.
3500 different kinds of cockroaches
They also have 2000 lenses in their eyes
And did you know that Asian cockroaches can offspring a 10 million eggs in their entire life.

25. Niches can be occupied by native and nonnative species.
-species that are normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem.
Nonnative species
-species that migrating or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem

26. Indicator Species serve as biological smoke alarms
Birds are also excellent as biological indicators because they are found almost everywhere and they are affected quickly by environmental changes.

27. Revisiting amphibians species
Frogs- sensitive and vulnerable to environmental disruption at various points in their life cycle.

28. Keystone and foundation species play important roles in their ecosystem.
Keystone species- whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of the other specie in an ecosystem.

29. Foundation Species- a major role in shaping community by creating and enhancing their habitats in ways that benefit other species.