1. Chapter 2

2.  Any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or perpetrator  Physical evidence that is collected can be analyzed by one of the divisions of the crime lab  http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=awcnMrZiS mU http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=awcnMrZiS mU

3.  Crime scene must be secured and recorded  Any medical assistance is given first  Tape is used to block access to crime scene area  Boundaries are determined  Entrance and exit sites are determined  http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=YnQ945Ptfi Y http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=YnQ945Ptfi Y

4.  Police must record crime scene in untouched state (before any contamination to crime scene)  Three methods: photography, sketches and notes  http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=KHU mfTM7UoQ http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=KHU mfTM7UoQ

5.  Scene must be photographed without being moved or altered in any way (unless someone needed medical attention)  Crime scene and all adjacent areas  Physical evidence in crime scene and close ups are taken  Digital photos and videotaping can be used  http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=Ei_ROza-l_g http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=Ei_ROza-l_g

6.  Sketch the scene  Rough sketch with accurate dimensions and location of evidence  Finished sketch—more detailed fine sketch to be used as evidence  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=qtLeko2 0xec http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=qtLeko2 0xec

7.  Detailed description of scene and location of physical evidence, and who found, and how packaged and marked  Notes can be written or tape-recorded  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=3kSpY9 CA4Cw http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=3kSpY9 CA4Cw

8.  One person in control of collection to avoid duplicate analysis  Weopons  Contact between victim and suspect evidence  Cross transfer of evidence  Hairs  Fibers  Blood  Point of entry marks  Trace evidence—imprints in ground  Inside and outside of crime scene should be analyzed  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =RC4z4t5fGgY&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =RC4z4t5fGgY&feature=fvsr

9.  Trace evidence and things like clothing that might contain trace evidence are packaged and sent to lab  Fingernail scrapings of individuals are collected  Autopsy is conducted  Items from deceased victim are sent to crime lab:  Victim’s clothing  Fingernail scrapings  Head and pubic hairs  Blood  Vaginal, anal, and oral swabs  Recovered bullets  Hand swabs Each piece of evidence is packaged separately

10.  Evidence must be submitted with documentation and labelled to type  Every person who handled evidence between collection at crime scene and presentation at court must be documented  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=rc- hhmi1-NA http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=rc- hhmi1-NA

11.  Who?  What type of injuries?  What caused death?  When did injuries occur?  Time of death?—condition, rigor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis, potassium levels in ocular fluid  http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=XYEQmgT4nxE&f eature=related http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=XYEQmgT4nxE&f eature=related  Rigor mortis—stiffening of muscles between 24 and 36 hours after death  Livor mortis—settling of blood in areas closest to the ground  Algor mortis—body temp cools after death until it is room temp

12.  Identification and examination of human skeletal remains  Bones reveal age, gender, race, and skeletal injury  May create facial reconstructions  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZsHgv2 UnFdc&feature=relate d http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZsHgv2 UnFdc&feature=relate d

13.  Used to estimate time of death or timeline of crime  Bow flies lay eggs of human remains that hatch and consume human organs and tissues  By examining stage of insect development— timeline can be estaablished  http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=6U4ewxeny YU http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=6U4ewxeny YU