1. EQ: How have the end of the county unit system, reapportionment, and the two party system changed Georgia?
Modern Georgia

2. County Unit System
County unit system – established by the Neill-Primary Act (1917)
8 most populated counties got a total of 6 votes each, 30 medium counties got 4 total votes each, 121 small counties got 2 total votes each
THEREFORE, the rural areas had more power over elections (i.e. the person who got the most votes did not win the election)

3. End of the County Unit System
“One Person, One Vote”-- The concept that each citizen’s vote should equal every other citizen’s vote
County-unit system was declared unconstitutional in 1962 (It violated the 14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution.)
This change caused more representatives to come from urban areas
General Assembly had to reapportion (redraw) voting districts to ensure districts of equal population size

4. Rise of the two-party system
Voters elected Democrats and Republicans
More African Americans were elected to state office.
In 1980, Mack Mattingly was first Republican US Senator since Reconstruction – by 1992, most were Republicans
Cynthia McKinney: Democrat, first black woman elected from Georgia to Congress
John Lewis: Democrat, civil rights leader, senior member of Georgia’s congressional delegation

5. Political Changes in the South
Newt Gingrich: Republican, became Speaker of the US House in 1994, “Contract with America” promised to reduce size of government, resigned in 1998 after poor election results for Republicans
Sam Nunn: Democrat, served as US Senator , expert on military affairs
Zell Miller: Democrat, Lt. Governor then Governor ( ), known for educational improvements, “boot-camp” style prisons, state lottery for education – pre-Kindergarten, HOPE scholarships, promoted growth in North Georgia, became US Senator from Georgia

6. Georgia Elects Republican Governor
Sonny Purdue, Republican, elected in 2002
First Republican governor in Georgia in 130 years
Georgia legislature had Democratic majority until 2004
Georgians elected Republicans to the US Senate and most of the US House of Representatives
Voters gave Georgia a two-party system

7. What change did NOT occur in Georgia as a result of the end of the county unit system?
More political power went to the more heavily populated areas
More women were elected to state office in the executive branch.
More African Americans were elected to office in the state legislature.
More members of the General Assembly were elected from the urban areas.

8. Which amendment did the county unit system violate?
Thirteenth C. Fifteenth Amendment
Fourteenth D. Sixteenth Amendment

9. How did the end of the county unit system change the focus of campaigning in Georgia?
Political rallies were held less often.
Candidates used television more often.
Candidates had to appeal to voters statewide.
Candidates concentrated on larger populated areas that had more voters.

10. EQ: What role did Jimmy Carter play in Georgia and the United States?
Modern Georgia

11. Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter: 1962 – elected to the Georgia senate
1970 – elected governor of Georgia
Reorganized Georgia’s executive branch (300 agencies reduced to 25)
Appointed the first woman as a state judge

12. Jimmy Carter 1977-1980 served as President of the United States
National energy policy
Created the Department of Education
As president he focused on human rights:
negotiated the “1978 Camp David Peace Accords” (a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt)
Established full diplomatic relations with China
Withdrew U.S. from the 1980 Olympics to protest Russia’s invasion of Afghanistan
Problems as president: high energy costs, high interest rates, high inflation, 52 American hostages held in Iran

13. Jimmy Carter Continued efforts after leaving office negotiating peace
defeat diseases
ensure fair elections
build affordable housing with Habitat for Humanity
writes books

14. EQ: How did the 1996 Olympic Games impact Georgia?
Modern Georgia

15. Georgia Hosts the Olympics
Summer 1996: Atlanta hosted XXVI Olympiad
10,000 athletes from 197 countries
Georgia Tech and Georgia State University gained new residence facilities.
World-class competition facilities were built
Olympic Stadium
Georgia Horse Park
Wolf Creek Shooting Range
Stone Mountain tennis facility
Lake Lanier Rowing Center
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16. More benefits for Georgia
90,000 volunteers in Atlanta and other Georgia cities and locations
Brought international attention to the city and state – millions of visitors as well as millions of television viewers
Millions of dollars impacted Georgia’s economy

17. Problems
July 29, 1996: Bomb in Olympic Park killed one visitor and injured 117
(created a sense of fear for the athletes and spectators)
Severe traffic congestion brought criticism from the press about Atlanta’s lack of infrastructure (i.e. roads, bridges)

18. How have immigrant communities contributed to the growth and economy of Georgia?
Modern Georgia

19. Immigrants
People from Latin American countries have come to northwest Georgia to work.
Carpet industry in Dalton
Poultry industry around Gainesville
Onion crop in Vidalia (seasonal workers)
Pecan industry around Albany
Economic impact
More churches
Hispanic businesses
Restaurants
More students in schools

20. How do the four transportation systems influence Georgia’s economy?

21. Transportation
Georgia has FOUR transportation systems that work together to connect our state with world trade.
Airports
Over 260 airports
Atlanta-Hartsfield-Jackson International airport
Busiest in the world
Largest employer in the state of Georgia
Headquarters of Delta Airlines
Passengers have 2 hour access (or less) to 80% of the U.S.
Multiplier effect on the economy ?????

22. Transportation Georgia Ports Authority
2 deepwater ports (Savannah and Brunswick)
Connected to the railroad system and interstate system
Provide worldwide access
Can ship large amounts and large cargo including liquids, automobiles, etc
Economic impact: $2 billion income, 81,000 jobs, almost $600 million in taxes to state and local government
Top exports: wood pulp, paper, food (poultry)
Top imports: furniture, retail goods, machinery-appliances-electronics

23. Highway system Connects every city in the continental U.S.
Connects with ports, airports, and railroads
Over 1200 miles of interstates, miles of state highways, 25,000 truckers

24. Railroads Georgia has over 5,400 miles of railroad tracks
Connect every major city in Georgia
Ability to haul large amounts and large cargo
Liquids
Livestock
Automobiles

25. Major Georgia businesses
Coca-Cola (been there done that)
Georgia Pacific
Started in Augusta as a wholesaler of hardwood lumber
Today one of the leading manufacturers of markers of tissue, pulp paper, packaging, building products, and related chemical
50,000 employees, 300 worldwide locations
Examples
Brawny paper towels
Dixie plates and cups
Quilted Northern toilet paper

26. Delta Delta Airlines (started in crop dusting in Macon)
Headquarters in Atlanta
More destinations than any other global airline
Over 80,000,000 domestic passengers and over 10,000,000 international per year
Over 60,000 employees

27. Home Depot
Created by Bernie Marcus (the guy who helped build the GA Aquarium) and Arthur Blank (yes, the Falcon’s owner)
Home improvement stores set up as warehouse stores
Focused on customer service
Offers over 40,000 products
Started in Georgia and spread throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico and China