1. 1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813 Phone: (304) 253-8674 Fax: (304) 253-7758 E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org Lead Abatement 29 CFR 1910.1025

2. This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 3 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Lead Lead is one of the earliest known elements used by man. Its toxic nature has been obvious since its discovery. The potential for exposure to lead exists during all lead-based abatement/elimination projects.

4. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 4 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Lead can enter the body in two ways, through the lungs and the digestive system. Most workers are exposed to lead through the lungs because of lead particles in the air. For this reason it is very important to wear the proper protection required where lead levels are above the PEL.

5. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 5 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Each employer shall establish and implement a written compliance program to reduce exposures to or below the permissible exposure limit. This plan shall be revised and updated at least every 6 months.

6. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 6 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 The written plan shall include: 1. Description of each operation in which lead is emitted 2. Description of plans and studies for compliance 3. A report of technology planned for meeting PEL 4. Air monitoring data 5. A detailed schedule for implementation of the program.

7. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 7 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 The written plan shall include: 6. A work practice program 7. An Administrative control schedule 8. Arrangements made by contractors on multi- contractor sites

8. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 8 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in controlling exposure shall be made at least every 3 months and within 5 days of any change in production. Mechanical ventilation

9. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 9 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Administrative controls A job rotation schedule is needed when administrative controls are used as a means of reducing employees TWA exposure to lead. The schedule should include: 1. Name or ID number of each affected employee 2. Duration and exposure levels at each job/work station 3. Any other pertinent information

10. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 10 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respiratory protection will be used in the following circumstances: 1. During the time period necessary to install or implement engineering or work practice controls 2. Whenever an employee requests a respirator

11. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 11 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respiratory protection will be used in the following circumstances: 3. In work situation in which engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL

12. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 12 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respirator selection 1. Where respirators are required, the employer shall select the appropriate respirator or combination of respirators 2. Employer shall provide a powered air- purifying respirator (PAPR) when requested 3. The respirator will provide adequate protection 4. Employer shall select for protection against lead, dust, fume and mist

13. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 13 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respirator usage The employer shall institute a respiratory protection program. This will insure that employees who use a filter respirator are able to change the filter elements whenever an increase in breathing resistance is detected.

14. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 14 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respirator usage These employees will be permitted to leave work areas to wash their face and respirator facepiece whenever necessary to prevent skin irritation associated with respirator use.

15. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 15 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respirator usage Employers shall insure: 1. Respirators issued to the employees will exhibit minimum facepiece leakage and that the respirator is fitted properly. 2. Quantitative or qualitative face fit tests will be performed at the time of initial fitting and at least every six months thereafter for each employee wearing negative pressure respirators.

16. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 16 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Respirator usage Employers shall insure: 3. If an employee exhibits difficulty in breathing during the fit test or during use, the employer shall give an examination to determine whether the employee can wear a respirator while performing the required duty.

17. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 17 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Protective clothing If an employee is exposed to lead above the PEL, the employer shall provide appropriate protective work clothing and equipment at no cost to the employee. This would include items such as:  Coveralls or similar full-body work clothing  Gloves, hats, and shoes or disposable shoe coverlets  Face shields, venting goggles or appropriate shielding

18. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 18 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing The employer shall assure or provide: 1. Protective clothing in a clean and dry condition at least weekly, and daily to employees whose exposure levels are 200 ug/m 3 of lead as an 8-hour TWA 2. Clothing is removed at the completion of a work shift only in change rooms provided for that purpose

19. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 19 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing The employer shall assure or provide: 3. Clothing shall be repaired or replaced as needed to maintain their effectiveness 4. Cleaning, laundering, or disposal of these items are placed in a closed container to prevent dispersion of lead

20. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 20 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing The employer shall assure or provide: 5. Persons cleaning or laundering protective clothing or equipment shall be informed in writing of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to lead 6. Containers of contaminated protective clothes are labeled appropriately with CAUTION notices

21. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 21 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Housekeeping 1. All surfaces shall be maintained free of accumulations 2. Clean-up floors and other surfaces (vacuum to reduce airborne) 3. Shovel, dry or wet sweep as second resort 4. Compressed air shall not be used unless in conjunction with ventilation system

22. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 22 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Hygiene facilities and practices The employer shall assure no food, beverage, tobacco products, or cosmetics are consumed, present, or used except in change rooms, lunchrooms, and showers. These specified areas are provided for the safety and convenience of employees exposed to lead above the PEL.

23. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 23 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Hygiene facilities and practices Change rooms The employer shall: 1. Provide clean change areas 2. Provide separate storage areas for contaminated and street clothes 3. Assure employees do not leave workplace wearing PPE worn during shift

24. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 24 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Hygiene facilities and practices Showers & Handwashing facilities The employer shall: 1. Assure that employees shower finishing work shift or wash hands and face when no showers are present 2. Provide adequate handwashing facilities 3. Provide adequate cleansers and towels

25. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 25 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Hygiene facilities and practices Eating facilities The employers shall: 1. Assure cafeterias shall have filtered air supply 2. Assure easily accessibility to employees 3. Assure that facilities are free of lead 4. Assure all employees wash hands and face prior to entering 5.Assure no contaminated clothing enters this area

26. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 26 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance The employer shall: 1. Institute a medial surveillance program for all employees who are or may be exposed to lead above the PEL for more than 30 days per year. 2. Assure all examinations and procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician at no cost to the employee.

27. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 27 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Biological monitoring The employer shall: 1. Make available biological monitoring in the form of blood sampling and analysis for lead and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels to each employee 2. Schedule testing at least every 2 months for the first 6 months and every 6 months thereafter

28. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 28 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Biological monitoring Any employee whose last blood sampling and analysis indicated a blood lead level at or > 40 micrograms /dl will be tested at least every two months. This will continue until 2 consecutive blood samples and analysis indicate a level < 40 micrograms /dl

29. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 29 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Biological monitoring Testing will be done at least monthly during the removal period of each employee removed from exposure to lead due to an elevated blood lead level. The employer shall provide a second blood test within two weeks after the employer receives the results of the first blood test.

30. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 30 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Biological monitoring This testing shall have an accuracy (to a confidence level of 95 percent) within plus or minus 15 percent of 6 micrograms /dl, whichever is greater, and shall be conducted by a laboratory approved by OHSA

31. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 31 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Biological monitoring Within 5 working days after the receipt of biological monitoring results, the employer shall notify in writing each employee whose blood lead level exceeds 40 ug/100 g of their: 1. Blood lead level 2. Temporary medical removal with Medical Removal Protection benefits

32. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 32 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The employer shall make available medical examinations: 1. At least annually for those with previous tests (within 12 months) which indicated a level at or above 40 ug/100 g 2. As soon as possible upon signs of symptoms commonly associated with lead intoxication

33. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 33 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The employer shall make available medical examinations: 3. Prior to assignment for each employee being assigned for the first time to an area in which airborne concentrations of lead are at or above the action level

34. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 34 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The employer shall make available medical examinations: 4. As medically appropriate for each employee either removed from exposure to lead due to a risk of sustaining material impairment to health, or otherwise limited pursuant to a final medical determination.

35. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 35 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The content of medical examinations, if requested, shall include: 1. A thorough physical examination, with particular attention to teeth, gums, hematologic, gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, reproductive and neurological systems.

36. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 36 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The content of medical examinations, if requested, shall include: 2. A detailed work history and a medical history, with particular attention to past lead exposure, personal habits, and past gastrointestinal, hematologic, renal, cardiovascular, reproductive and neurological problems.

37. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 37 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations The content of medical examinations, if requested, shall include: 3. Blood pressure measurement 4. A routine urinalysis 5. Any laboratory or other test which the examining physician deems necessary by sound medical practice.

38. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 38 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations 6. A blood sample and analysis which determines: a. Blood lead level b. Hemoglobin and hematocrit, red cell indices, and exam peripheral smear morphology c. Zinc protoporphyrin d. Blood urea nitrogen e. Serum creatinine

39. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 39 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Medical surveillance Examinations & Consultations If the employer selects the initial physician who conducts any medical examination or consultation, the employee may designate a second physician to: 1. Review any findings of the initial physician 2. Conduct such examinations, as the second physician deems necessary

40. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 40 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Temporary removal due to elevated blood lead levels would apply to: 1. An employee having an elevated blood lead level at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole blood 2. An employee whose average of the last 3 blood sampling tests conducted indicates that the employee’s blood lead level is at or above 50 ug/100 g of whole blood

41. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 41 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Temporary removal due to a final medical determination would apply to: An employee having been examined and found to have conditions which places him/her at increased risk of material impairment to health from exposure to lead. Final medical determination shall meet the outcome of the multiple physician review mechanism or alternate medical determination

42. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 42 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Return of employee to former job status: 1. Only when two consecutive blood sampling tests indicate a level at or below 40 ug/100 g 2. When final medical determination states that the employee no longer has a detected medical condition which places the employee at increased risk

43. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 43 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Return of employee to former job status: Exceptions 1. If initial removal, special protection or limitation resulted from a final medical determination which differed from the findings/determinations of recommendations of the initial physician. 2. If the employee has been on removal status for the preceding eighteen months due to elevated blood lead levels

44. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 44 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Up to 18 months of medical removal protection benefits are provided on each occasion that an employee is removed due to exposure to lead. The employer may condition the provision of medical removal protection benefits upon the employee’s participation in follow-up medical surveillance.

45. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 45 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Definition of medical removal protection benefits: The employer shall maintain the earnings, seniority and other employment rights and benefits of an employee as though the employee had not been removed

46. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 46 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Employee information and training An employer having a workplace in which there is a potential exposure to airborne lead at any level shall institute a training program. The initial training shall be provided by 180 days from the effective date and prior to the time of the initial job assignment. This program shall be repeated at least annually for each employee.

47. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 47 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Employee information and training The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following: 1. The content of this standard and its appendices 2. The specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to lead above the action level 3. The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and limitations of respirators

48. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 48 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Employee information and training The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following: 4. Communicate information concerning lead hazards according to OSHA 5. The purpose and description of the medical surveillance program 6. The engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee’s job assignment.

49. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 49 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Employee information and training The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director. A copy of this standard and its appendices is to be made readily available to all affected employees

50. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 50 Lead Abatement 1910.1025 Posting of signs Posting of signs Employer shall post the following warning signs in each work area where the PEL is exceeded: WARNING LEAD WORK AREA POISON NO SMOKING OR EATING

51. This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

52. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program 52 End This publication was made possible by grant numbers 5 U45 ES06182-07 and 5 U45 ES09763- 07 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH with funds from EPA and DOE. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH, EPA, or DOE.