1. Proteins Digestion and absorption

2. Proteins HCl pepsin Exopeptidases Enterokinase Bicarbonate Pancreatic proteases

3. Proteins Active enzyme Synthesized as zymogens (proenzymes) Proteolytic enzymes

4. Proteins Proteolytic enzymes Exopeptidases Polypeptidases – Aminopeptidases – carboxypeptidases Tripeptidases Dipeptidases Endopeptidases Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrysin Elastase

5. Proteins Stomach PepsinogenPepsin H+

6. Proteins Exocrine pancreas CCK Zymogens Secretin

7. Proteins Activation of pancreatic zymogens Trypsinogen Trypsin ChymotrypsinogenchymotrypsinProelastaseElastaseProcarboxypeptidaseCarboxypeptidase

8. Proteins Trypsin Ariginine Lysine Ariginine Lysine Dr Fatahiya Kashif

9. Proteins Chymotrypsin Acidic Hydrophobic Acidic Hydrophobic

10. Proteins Elastase Alanine Glycine Serine Alanine Glycine Serine

11. Proteins Carboxypeptidase Hydrophobic Basic Hydrophobic Basic

12. Proteins Intestinal enzymes Exopeptidases – Brush border – Within the cell Enterokinase Exopeptidases – Brush border – Within the cell Enterokinase

13. Proteins Aminopeptidase

14. Proteins …AND ALLAH DOTH INCREASE IN GUIDANCE THOSE WHO SEEK GUIDANCE; AND THE THINGS THAT ENDURE, GOOD DEEDS, ARE BEST IN THE SIGHT OF THY LORD, AS REWARDS, AND THE BEST IN RESPECT OF EVENTUAL RETURNS. 76-MARYAM; AL-QURAN

15. Proteins Absorption of amino acids

16. Proteins Transport systems Free amino acids – Sodium linked secondary transport Di and tri peptides – H+ linked transport system Portal vein – Liver – General circulation Free amino acids – Sodium linked secondary transport Di and tri peptides – H+ linked transport system Portal vein – Liver – General circulation

17. Proteins Na+ 3Na+ 2K+

18. Proteins Na+

19. Proteins Na+

20. Proteins Na+

21. Proteins Na+

22. Proteins Na+

23. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Glu Glu Cys CysGly Glu Glu

24. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly Glu Glu 5-oxoproline 5-oxoproline

25. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly 5-oxoproline 5-oxoproline ATPADP Glu

26. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly ATPADP Glu

27. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Gly ATPADP Glu Glu Cys Cys

28. Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Glu Glu Cys CysGly Gly Glu Glu

29. Proteins GLUTATHIONE GSH GSH GSSG GSSG

30. Proteins Digestion and absorption of proteins Disorders

31. Proteins Disorders Cystic fibrosis Cystinuria Hartnup disease Kwashiorkor Cystic fibrosis Cystinuria Hartnup disease Kwashiorkor

32. Proteins Cystic Fibrosis

33. Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Defect in function of chloride channels in pancreatic secretory ducts Inspissation of pancreatic exocrine secretions Eventual obstruction of ducts Defect in function of chloride channels in pancreatic secretory ducts Inspissation of pancreatic exocrine secretions Eventual obstruction of ducts

34. Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Recurrent infections Poor growth Foul smelling bulky stools Recurrent infections Poor growth Foul smelling bulky stools

35. Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Commercial enzyme preparations

36. Proteins Hartnup disease Autosomal recessive disorder Transport of neutral aminoacids across both intestinal and renal epithilial cells Autosomal recessive disorder Transport of neutral aminoacids across both intestinal and renal epithilial cells Dr Fatahiya Kashif

37. Proteins Hartnup disease Essential Isoleucine Leucine Phenylanaline Threonine Tryptophan Valine Nonessential Alanine Serine Tyrosine

38. Proteins Hartnup disease C/F Asymptomatic Pallegra like symptoms Neuropsychiatric Treatment Niacin C/F Asymptomatic Pallegra like symptoms Neuropsychiatric Treatment Niacin

39. Proteins Cystinuria Defect in absorption of Cystine Ornithine Arginine Lysine C/F Appearance of these amino acids in urine Cystine stones Treatment Oral hydration Defect in absorption of Cystine Ornithine Arginine Lysine C/F Appearance of these amino acids in urine Cystine stones Treatment Oral hydration

40. Proteins Kwashiorkor Deficiency of protein in diet which is adequate in calories C/F Muscle wasting Edema Deficiency of protein in diet which is adequate in calories C/F Muscle wasting Edema