1. Computer Ergonomics

2. What is Ergonomics? Scientific study of relationship between people and machinery. Understanding of the interaction between human being and a machine.

3. Why is Ergonomics important In order to optimize human well-being Improve work performance by removing sources of muscular stress and general fatigue Preventing injuries Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)‏ injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system repetitive, forceful or prolonged exertions Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)‏ a compression of the median nerve in the wrist

4. Posture Safe and comfortable No single “correct” posture fits everyone However, there are some guidelines Top of monitor at or just below eye level Head and neck balanced and in-line with torso Shoulder relaxed Elbows close to body and supported Lower back supported Wrists and hand in-line with forearms Adequate room for keyboard and mouse Feet flat on the floor

5. Ideal Posture

6. Ergonomics Equipments Chair Pointing Device Foot Switch Keyboard Accessories Document Holder Wristrest Footrest Anti-glare Guard

7. Environmental Factors Lighting Light source Don’t face or back to a bright window Use anti-glare screen Light level Noise Work in a quiet place Use low volume classical music Air quality Make sure there is enough fresh-air ventilation Room temperature at comfortable level

8. Adjust Chair adjust your chair to suit YOU! chair should have a seat that curves down in the front: the seat should not touch the underside of your thighs; chair should have an adjustable back rest and is able to support the back in a variety of seated postures chair should be lowered/raised: highest point of seat = just below knee cap legs are perpendicular to floor, and keep feet flat on the floor, or supported on a footrest. Armrests, if provided, should be soft, allow your shoulders to relax and your elbows to stay close to your body

9. Chair: Potential harms and solutions - I Harm: Poor back support and inappropriate postures may lead to back pain and fatigue Solution: 1. Use a chair with a backrest that is easily adjustable and able to support the back in a variety of seated postures. 2. Use a rolled up towel or even a pillow to temporarily provide support and maintain the natural curve of the spine.

10. Chair: Potential harms and solutions - II Harm: Using a chair that is too high may lead to swelling, numbness, and pain because your feet are not supported and may move forward making your spine difficult to maintain S-shape. Solution: 1. If chair is adjustable, make the highest point of seat at just below knee cap 2. If chair is not adjustable, use a footrest

11. Chair: Potential harms and solutions - III Harm: armrest, too low, high, wide, and close, can result in muscle fatigue in the shoulders and neck Solution: use position adjustable armrests if possible

12. Adjust Keyboard elbows and forearms should form 90 degree angle forearm is in line with keyboard’s Home Row wrists should NOT be leaning on the desk wrists should be loosely bent downward over the Home Row Problems: carpal tunnel syndrome in wrist

13. Mouse Position the mouse pad as close to your keyboard as possible and at the same height. Hold mouse loosely. Use the whole arm and shoulder to move the mouse. This spreads the work over larger muscles, not just the small hand muscles. Avoid leaning on the wrist and arm when using the mouse.

14. Adjust Monitor top of monitor = eye level reduce reflections from monitor: don’t wear white clothing don’t place your back to windows (use curtains, shades, blinds)‏ use anti-glare filters adjust brightness/contrast buttons on computer use directional light on documents “document holders” at same level as monitor Problems: sore eyes; itchy eyes; tiredness

15. Use of telephone - I Potential Harm: placing the telephone too far away can cause you to repeatedly reach, resulting in strain on the shoulder, arm, and neck. Solution: Place telephone in the area you can easily reach. Keep the telephone cord out of working areas so it does not trap you.

16. Use of telephone - II Harm: long conversations with the phone pinched between your shoulder and head may cause stress and neck pain Solution: use hand-free headset if you can

17. Exercises – I Knee Kiss Pull one leg to your chest, grasp with both hands and hold for a count of five. Repeat with the opposite leg. Windmill Place your feet apart on the floor. Bend over and touch your right hand to your left foot, with you left arm extended up. Repeat with opposite arm.

18. Exercises - II Back Relaxer Bend down between your knees as far as you can. Return to upright position and relax. Prectoral Stretch Grasp your hands behind your neck and press your elbows back as far as you can. Return to starting position, then drop your arms and relax. Repeat.

19. Exercises - III Middle-Upper Back Stretch Raise your right arm and grasp it below the elbow with your left hand. Gently pull your right elbow toward your left shoulder as you feel for the stretch. Hold for five seconds. Do both sides. Side Stretch Interlace your fingers. Lift your arms over your head, keeping your elbows straight. Press your arms backward as far as you can. Then slowly lean to the left, and then to the right, until you can feel the stretching.

20. Exercise - IV Fingers With palms down, spread your fingers apart as far as you can. Hold for the count of five. Relax. Repeat. Shoulder Roll Slowly roll your shoulders forward five times in circular mothing, using your full range of motion. Then roll your shoulders backward five times with the same circular motion.

21. Exercises - V Neck Let your head drop slowly to the left, then to the right. Slowly drop your chin to your chest, and then raise your chin as high as you can. Turn your head to the left, return it to the normal position, then turn it to the right. Quadriceps Bring your legs straight out in front of your body, and then hold them in that position for five seconds. Make sure you are sitting up straight. Relax. Repeat.

22. Useful Links Kinesis Computer Ergonomics, http://www.kinesis-ergo.com/ http://www.kinesis-ergo.com/ U.S. Department of Labor, http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/comp uterworkstations/ http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/comp uterworkstations/