1. France and the Habsburg Empire

2. France foreign policy problems  1860- lost to Italy  1861-1867- supported Austria who lost to Mexico  1870- lost Franco-Prussian War  1871-Napoleon III captured.  1871- Paris controlled by Prussians

3. Paris Commune  Sought to rule Paris separately from the rest of France.  Set up by radicals and socialists (anarchists).

4. National Assembly  National Assembly, ruling all of France, sends troops to Paris and kills 20,000 inhabitants.

6. Dreyfus Affair  French commander indicted on passing secrets to Germans.  Evidence was forged.  Sent to Devil’s Island.

7. What happened next?  The real spy was tried and released.  Dreyfus re-tried and convicted again.  President then pardoned him.  Emile Zola- “J’accuse”

11. Dreyfus Affair repercussions  Violent anti-semitism was embraced by many French.  Radicals, republicans, and socialists formed an informal alliance.  Political, racial, religious divisions continued into the 1940’s.

12. Problems in the Habsburg Empire  Hungary  Croats and Slovaks felt ostracized by society.  No foreign support  France and Italy military failures

13. Francis Joseph  Became dual monarch of Austria- Hungary

14. October Diploma  Created federation among the states and provinces of the empire.

15. February Patent  Created a bicameral imperial Parliament, the Reichsrat.

16. Magyars  Refused to cooperate with Francis Joseph.

17. Ausgleich of 1867  Created Austria-Hungary

18. Other ethnic groups were angry.

19. Czechs wanted a triple monarchy  Francis Joseph agrees, Magyars deny.

20. Language defines the nation.

21. Nationalities w/i the Habsburg Empire

22. Many Austrians want to join the German Empire

23. This increased nationalism would be a contributing factor to the future World Wars.