1. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Status of the Silicon Strip Detector at CMS INSTR08 Novosibirsk, Feb08 Hans Jürgen Simonis Universität Karlsruhe On behalf of the CMS-Tracker Collaboration

2. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 CMS -- Compact Muon Solenoid

3. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 The CMS Si-Strip Tracker 200 m 2 of active Silicon 15.100 Si Modules 75.000 APV FE chips 9.6 M readout channels 26 M wirebonds 37.000 Optical links What is in this box? Size: 6m x 2.5m required temperature: –10 °C on the Silicon surface (status september 07)

4. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 The Tracker Constituents how is it organized? SS Modules red DS Modules blue ( 100 mrad stereo angle) TOB (Tracker Outer Barrel) 6 layers 5200 modules TID (Tracker Inner Disks) 2x3 disks 800 modules TIB (Tracker Inner Barrel) 4 layers 2700 modules TEC (Tracker EndCap) 2x9 disks 6400 modules IP  z (mm) r (mm) Beam hermetically closed system tracking combines to outer Muon system resolution of p t ~1.5% at 100GeV

5. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: Modules 2700 TIB Modules 768 strips/sensor 6400 TEC Modules 800 TID Modules 10 different geometries 5200 TOB Modules example: „stereo“-type 512 strips/sensor R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 TOB TEC TIB TID

6. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: TID The free space between modules is covered with overlapping modules on the backside. Modules are directly mounted on the cooling pipes. one TID ready for mounting to TIB we have 2 TIDs (z+ / z-) with 3 disks each each disk consists of 3 rings of modules each ring is mounted on a carbon fiber annulus TID

7. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: TIB The Inner Barrel consists of 4 layers of modules (“shells”) at radii: (20 cm < r < 55 cm) The 2 inner shells are equipped with double modules (stereo) Each shell is produced in 4 large pieces: “half-shells” (2 for z+ and 2 for z-) Modules are mounted with overlap in . (surface tilted wrt tangent) Modules on inner and outer surface overlap in z. Starting from shell-4, shells 3 - 2 - 1 are sequentially slid into the volume. handling of components „on-shell“ is a delicate procedure Half of the TIB seen as a Matrjoschka (матрёшка) shell: 4 3 2 TIB

8. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: TOB The Outer Barrel spans the region (55 cm < r < 116 cm) with 6 layers Again, the 2 inner layers consist of double modules (stereo) A large CF support structure is loaded with 688 “rods” as sophisticated substructures The concept of rods (8 different types) allowed a distributed production scheme Rod-genesis: frame + interconnectboard + 6(12) modules The 2 outer layers were the first to be equipped with rods TOB

9. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: TEC we have 288 Petals of 8 different types, equipped with 19-27 modules The 2 Endcaps consist of 9 Disks each Wedge-shaped modules form 7 concentric rings with all strips pointing to the beam axis Rings 1,2 and 5 have double modules („stereo“-rings) „Petals“ represent the substructures which allow for distributed production A fully equipped Endcap The 16 Petals of Disk-1 can nicely be seen TEC

10. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracker Production: Just plug everything together The support tube carries all the tracker elements and serves as thermal shield (with active cooling) towards the ECAL: -15º inside; +18º outside The assembly took place in a large clean room (TIF) where all aspects of system tests could be performed Tracker ready for transportation to CMS site, 20 km from CERN

11. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 ROD INTEGRATION AachenKarlsruheStrasbourgZurichVienna PETALS INTEGRATION Aachen Brussels Karlsruhe Louvain Strasbourg Vienna Lyon TEC assembly Pitch adapter: Factories  Brussels TK ASSEMBLY CERN TIF Louvain Strasbourg Firenze Vienna BariPerugia BariFirenzeTorinoPisaPadova TIB-TID INTEGRATION FNAL UCSB TOB assembly TIB/TID assembly CERN PisaAachen Lyon@CERN Karlsruhe FNAL Sensor QAC Module assembly Bonding & testing Sub-assemblies UCSB FNAL Integration into mechanics UCSB Hamburg Hybrids: Factory-Strasbourg Sensors: Factories Kapton: Factory  Aachen, Bari Frames: Brussels,Pisa, Pakistan Pisa Perugia FE-APV: Factory  IC,RAL Control ASICS: Factory  Company (QA) Brussels HH CERN CF cutting Factory CF plates: Factory  Brussels CF cutting Factory TorinoPisa Move to Pit and Insert Florence

12. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Cosmics in the TIF – (Tracker slice test) (summer 2007, on surface, without magnetic field) already large (~15%) Tracker System only Silicon Strip Tracker involved 2161 modules – 24,75 m² active area measurements at different temperatures down to -15°C trigger rate 6.5 Hz ; 4.5 M events

13. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Signal to Noise TOB TIB TIDTEC Average value: S/N~30 for all subsystems noise charge versus strip length; all TOB and TEC geometries 10 14 18 Strip length [cm] noise [e-] 800 1000 1200

14. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Tracking in TIF cosmics are rather different than pp-collisions  special tracking algorithm has been developed  module orientation not ideal (especially TEC and TID) comparison of measured conditional track reconstruction efficiencies (TIB/TOB) with simulations 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5  1.04 1.00 0.96 0.92 1.04 1.00 0.96 0.92 Efficiency polar angle preliminary TOB efficiency given a TIB track TIB efficiency given a TOB track ▼Data ▲Simulation

15. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Status: Tracker insertion 16.12.2007

16. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Installation Status Z- ; 25 Feb.2008 Lots of Connections: 980 pipes 3347 fibers 2330 cables Z- -9 -12 Sequence: → Barrel fibres → Pipe connection → Pipe insulation → Barrel cables → TEC fibres → TEC cables -4 -2 -7 -8 -11 -15 -16 -17 -18 -6 -14 -13 -3 w w p p p W w p = partially done = in work w report from M. Eppard

17. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Status Feb.25 Tracker is in final position inside CMS with an accuracy of 1mm Fibers for Barrel, and almost all cooling pipes are connected Services for Endcap are the last to be finished Beampipe installation foreseen mid-April BUT! CMS-closure test interferes with Tracker progress (in May) Cosmic Runs (CRAFT) are foreseen until first beam (June/July 2008)

18. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 SLHC: ~90 soft interactions superimposed on interesting event (could be ~200 or even 400; depending on bunchstructure) LHC: ~20 soft interactions superimposed on interesting event ( --> 1000 tracks/bc) The upgrade of the LHC machine cannot be in energy, but in luminosity: 10 34  10 35 [p / s cm2] The way how to reach that is not yet clear (12.5ns, 25ns, 50ns bunches, …) Higher occupancy ~10000 tracks per bunch crossing!  we need shorter strips  more electronic channels  more power required but: tracker material budget is already at its limits studies on new supply schemes have started (cooling; DC-DC-converters etc) About Detector upgrade (SLHC) 10 35 10 34 (our silicon tracker will be dead after 10 years of LHC operation)

19. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 About Detector upgrade (II) Higher irradiation Dose  In inner region (r <~ 40 cm) we need new rad-hard sensor-material  see RD50 activities (->Talk from G. Casse after lunch) In the outer region existing material (p-in-n float zone) can possibly be used. n-in-p and / or Magnetic Czochralski are in discussion But most challenging is the requirement that the SCMS-tracker has to contribute to the L1-trigger (detect high p t -tracks)  we need a new Tracker design several layouts are discussed: 3 Super-layers of stacked doublets - M. Mannelli PD TIB TOB Extra pixel layer, bigger pixels, long pixels/short strips, & 1-2 triggering layers - J. Nash

20. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 16. December 2007: Tracker in CMS

21. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Backup Material

22. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Silicon Sensors Bias Voltage p-in-n type silicon – orientation 1.5 – 3.2 kΩcm resistivity; 320 µm thickness 4.0 – 8.0 kΩcm resistivity; 500 µm thickness

23. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 The Readout scheme A Readout-hybrid with 4 APV chips Control branch (clock, trigger, …) Data branch amplify, shape and store

24. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 The Material budget the contribution of different constituents is color-coded: support cooling cables

25. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Scint. Conf. B, Room Temp Scints Conf. C, Room Temp 10°0°-10°-15° TIB → StoN ~ 27; TOB → StoN ~ 31; TEC → StoN ~ 31 Signal / Noise for the different Tracker elements at various temperatures corrected for incident angle

26. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 MTCC – MagnetTest and Cosmic Challenge (summer 2006, still in surface hall) small Tracker system within CMS-Magnet all CMS-subsystems involved (incl. ECAL, HCAL, Myon-System) for Tracker: 1% of electronic channels (~10 5 ) connected 133 modules in total (  0.75 m 2 Si area) 25 M events at different magnetic field values up to 3.8T check of noise behavior check software (readout, data handling, tracking algorithms) 4 TOB rods 2 TIB segments 2 TEC petals

27. H.J.Simonis, CMS Collaboration, Novosibirsk Feb.08 Petal assembly