1. Introduction to Lab Ex. 19: Enumeration of Bacteria
- Pour Plate Technique

2. Lab Ex. 19: Enumeration of Bacteria – Pour Plate Technique
Bacterial growth may be determined based on increase in the
number of cells.
Reproduction and thus growth leads to increase in cell number and
thus the population of the bacterial culture.
Bacterial growth follows specific patterns as seen in the growth
curve patterns for bacteria.
The time it takes for a population of bacterial cells to double in
number is called the generation time.
Bacterial growth may be determined by using either
Cell Mass methods or Cell Number methods.

3. Cell Mass methods:
Turbidity measurements by Spectrophotometry
Total Protein
Total DNA
Cell Number methods:
Direct Microscopic Counts (hemocytometer)
Pour Plate
Most Probable Number
Membrane Filter
Enumeration methods may yield either total counts or viable counts.
Total count is a count of cells including dead and live cells.
Viable count is a count of only those cells that are alive in the sample.

4. Pour Plate method:
This is the most commonly used method for enumeration of
bacteria in a wide variety of samples including milk, food,
meat, soil etc.
Pour plate methods yield a count of only the living cells in the
sample and thus are a viable count.
There are two steps to the process: dilution of the sample so
that various dilutions of the sample may be inoculated
onto plates and a count of the colonies that grow made;
the second step is the plating of the dilutions so that each
cell in the diluted sample may then grow and form colonies
that will in turn become visible to the naked eye and can be
counted.

5. Dilution is important since the colonies will have to be counted and
with a concentrated sample there may be too many colonies
than can be accurately counted.
Plating is important since a count of only the living cells is
required in this procedure (only living cells will be able to
multiply and form colonies)
Samples of milk, meat and soil will be used in the exercise.
Rules to keep in mind:
- only living cells are counted. Why?
- only plates with colony numbers between are useable
(<30 or >300 are not statistically valid)
- use aseptic technique
- dilutions to be done accurately

7. Procedure:
- aseptically dilute sample with sterile water blanks
- make 1:10 dilutions as instructed, based on sample
- aseptically transfer 1ml volume of dilutions that are to be
plated onto sterile Petri plates
- pour molten agar onto the sample in Petri dish and mix
thoroughly
- incubate as instructed for growth of colonies
- during next lab period, count colonies on plates
- use the formula:
cfu/ml = # of colonies x 1
dilution