1. Using Google Earth to See the World

2. Oceanic Plate Continental Plate
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Oceanic Plate Continental Plate
Nazca Plate South American Plate = Andes
Pacific Plate North American Plate = Cascade Range
Deep Ocean Trenches
The subduction of the oceanic plate causes...
Volcanic Mountains

3. Other Convergent Boundaries with Oceanic/Continent Collisions
Check out where there is an ocean-continent collision:
Cascade Mountains
Andes Mountains
Note the volcanic mountains...
Note the deep oceanic trench off the coast... Evidence of subduction
Earthquakes happen any time the plates move relative to one another… Like here!

4. TRENCHES happen at subduction zones
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
TRENCHES happen at subduction zones
TRENCH

5. Convergent Boundaries with Ocean – Oceanic Collisions
Check out places in the world where there is an ocean-ocean collision:
Philippines
Mariana Islands
Japan
Aleutian Islands
Note the Islands Arcs... They are volcanic islands that grew up from the base of the ocean. This is the same process that cause volcanic mountains (Andes, Cascades) on land, but since these begin on the floor of the ocean, they are not quite as tall.
Note the deep oceanic trenches off the coast...
Earthquakes happen any time the plates move relative to one another… Like here!

6. Oceanic Plate Oceanic Plate Island Arcs occur here NOT at hotspots
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Oceanic Plate Oceanic Plate
Pacific Plate Philippine Sea Plate
Pacific Plate
Japan
Pacific Plate
Philippine Sea Plate
Philippine Sea Plate
Mariana
Islands
Mariana Island Arc
Philippines
Island Arcs occur here NOT at hotspots

7. Aleutian Island Arc (Alaska)
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Island Arcs occur here NOT at hotspots.
Trenches occur here NOT at divergent boundaries.
Aleutian Island Arc (Alaska)
Japan – Island Arc

8. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY Continental Plate Continental Plate
Eurasian Plate Indian Plate = Himalayas
No Subduction = No volcanoes here!
Mt. Everest
Mt. Everest
----- Meeting Notes (2/11/13 14:03) -----

9. Other Convergent Boundaries
Check out other places in the world where there is a continent-continent collision:
Allegheny Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Alps
Note the folded mountain ranges.
Note the faults.
Do earthquakes happen here???

10. Rifts and Ridges – which one is which?
DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
Rifts and Ridges – which one is which?
Check out the land near the ridge...
NO TRENCHES!
It is actually quite shallow!
Atlantic Plate
Mid-Atlantic Ridge = seafloor spreading
Underwater RIDGE of new crust = volcanic rock

11. Rifts and Ridges – which one is which?
DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
Rifts and Ridges – which one is which?
Here is an example of a RIFT
Africa
Another is in Iceland, where they sometimes call it a rift zone.
Earthquakes happen any time the plates move relative to one another… Like here!

12. And what about those Transform Boundaries???
A part of fault you can see along the San Andreas
Not a lot to see here... Lots of earthquakes, faults (you can even see the cracks in some places.
Earthquakes happen any time the plates move relative to one another… Like here!

13. HOT SPOTS – middle of plates Island CHAINS can occur at hotspots
Note the long chain of extinct volcanoes…. It leads all the way back to Russia!
Pacific Plate
North American Plate
Hawaii
volcanic island chain over a
hotspot – in the middle of the Pacific Plate

14. The MAGMA stays put. The PLATE moves!!!
HOT SPOTS
The MAGMA stays put. The PLATE moves!!!
The rumble of the magma under the crust can cause EARTHQUAKES!

15. Yellowstone Hotspot
Check out Yellowstone... It is difficult to see the line of extinct volcanoes (like you can in Hawaii), but check it out!

16. Other World-Wide Hotspots

17. #1) Ways Volcanoes Form on Earth
(1) Divergent Boundaries
(2) Hotspots
Convergent Boundaries with Subduction
– (3) Ocean/Ocean Collision
– (4) Ocean/Continent Collision

18. #2) Transform Boundaries have NO CHANCE of mountains or mountain ranges forming as a result.

19. #3) Volcanic Islands Form on Earth
(1) Hotspots
When underwater, can create island chains like in Hawaii
(2) Convergent with Subduction of Ocean Plate under another Ocean Plate
Creates Island Arcs like Japan, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Aleutian Islands

20. #4 Earthquakes Occur anytime plates move relative to one another.
Is used as evidence that a boundary (or hotspot) is there.
Remember the map you colored??? We used the locations of earthquakes to determine the boundaries between plates.