1. Ancient Egypt The Afterlife

2. Essential Standard

3. Clarifying Objective

4. Essential Question??

5. Egyptian Afterlife The Egyptian religion centered around polytheism (which is the belief in many gods and not just one) Ancient Egyptians especially Pharaohs practiced a very specific ceremonies to ensure they would attain the Afterlife Egyptians believed that each person had a soul after death but they needed their body as a place for the soul to live in the afterlife

6. Egyptian Book of the Dead http://www.history.com /videos/journey-to-the- afterlife#journey-to- the-afterlife http://www.history.com /videos/journey-to-the- afterlife#journey-to- the-afterlife

7. Mummification Every morning Egyptians would wash their clothes with washing soda and brushed their teeth with bread soda If you put the two together you get Natron Natron was the preserving agent used in mummification

8. Mummification After death the first step is mummification All Pharaohs and some important Egyptian citizens were turned into a mummy To the Egyptians preserving the physical appearance was extremely important so that the man’s soul could recognize his body in the afterlife

9. Pharaoh’s Tomb The tombs of Pharaohs had many, many hieroglyphics The object was to recreate the cosmos and give direction out of the Underworld

10. Pharaoh’s Tomb Tombs were constructed to be resurrection guides that would reunite Pharaoh’s body & soul Pharaohs also took food, beer, weapons, & servants, gold, & jewels Later instead of real servants Pharaohs took Shabtis

11. Shabtis Shabtis were little figurines that were buried with the Pharaoh in place of servants Egyptians believed that in the afterlife if the Pharaoh was to call on one of his servants who was still alive the Shabti representing that servant would wake up a perform the task Pharaohs would take hundreds of Shabtis into their tombs, one for almost everyday of the year

12. The Soul Takes Flight After death the soul takes flight to where it will be judged by 42 divine judges and the God Osiris (God of the Underworld) If you lived a good and righteous life than you would be welcomed into the two fields of Reeds (Egyptian Heaven) If you lived a life that was pretty good but made some mistakes you could receive a pardon

13. The Soul Takes Flight If you didn’t live a good life your soul was thrown to the devourer of souls Before the soul can take flight it starts in the lair (home) of the devourer of souls and the man and his soul has to find his way out Here is the story of the Egyptian Afterlife

14. The Pharaoh’s Voyage The Pharaoh’s soul awakens in the Devourer of souls home (Underworld) On the wall is the Book of Gates (hieroglyphics drawn in the Pharaoh’s sarcophagus)

15. The Pharaoh’s Voyage The Book of Gates is a map that will lead him to the Divine Judges and Osiris The Pharaoh has one night to make the journey or his soul will be devoured

16. Traveling the Nile of the Underworld The Pharaoh will need to travel through what is known as the Nile of the Underworld He will have to pass through 12 gates (one for each hour of the night)

17. Traveling the Nile of the Underworld This Nile is not so friendly as the Earthly Nile as the 12 gates are guarded by Cobras The Great snake demon Apophis (Devil) lurks under the water for his chance to strike

18. Passing through the Cobra’s Gates The Cobras were there to guard against souls that were not pure The Pharaoh not only had to live a good life but he had to have magical knowledge

19. Passing through the Cobra’s Gates As he passed through the gates Pharaoh would have to say the Cobra’s name this would tell the Cobras that he is the true one The names of the 12 Cobras that guarded the gates were written on the walls of his tomb as part of his Book of Gates

20. The Lake of Fire After passing through the first two of Cobra’s Gates Pharaoh will come to the Lake of Fire The Lake of Fire is a lake of fire that tests your purity If you have not lived a good life your soul is consumed by the fire

21. The Lake of Fire Many men’s souls reside in the Lake of fire but the Pharaoh will pass through the lake because he is more than man Pharaoh is lucky because he is considered more than man & he actually gets to decide which men’s souls to save

22. Battling Apophis After passing through the forth Cobra’s Gate Pharaoh unites with other Egyptian mummies to Battle Apophis They temporarily defeat him and tie him up but Pharaoh knows from his Book of the Dead that he will be back

23. Meeting Osiris After going through the 6 th Cobra’s Gate Pharaoh meets the god of the Underworld Osiris Because he is a Pharaoh, Pharaoh will merge with Osiris and help him judge men who have made it past the 6 th gate

24. Meeting Osiris The men’s hearts are ripped out of their chest and placed on a scale in front of Osiris and on the other side of the scale the Feather of Truth The man’s heart and the Feather of Truth must perfectly balance for the man to continue on Pharaohs will not be judged because they are considered more than a man so they will help judge

25. Heavy Hearted If your heart was too heavy you were heavy with sin and impure and you would be thrown to Amet the Gobbler He was part Crocodile, part Hippopotamus, & part Lion

26. Mummy & Soul Reunited After passing by Osiris the Pharaoh lies down on a stone bed where he is reunited with his soul Without being reunited Pharaoh can never be resurrected Without body & soul he cannot pass through the Underworld

27. Rolling Over In Their Graves After passing through Cobra’s Gate 8 mummies turn over in their beds This is a key stage into coming back to life and being resurrected

28. Apophis Round 2 After passing through the Cobra’s Gate number 10 Pharaoh will have his second showdown with Apophis This is Apophis’s last chance to devour the Pharaoh Pharaoh calls upon past mummies who form a net to prevent Apophis from eating Pharaoh

29. Dawn Strikes Just as dawn strikes and the sun begins to come up over the horizon Pharaoh passes through the 12 and final Cobra’s Gate He is ushered in by Egyptian gods & goddesses

30. Journey Forever He resurrects not as a human but as the sun Finally Pharaoh will change into a symbolic figure to at last protect his people Pharaoh has reached immortality

31. Journey Forever Ancient Egyptians believed that each Pharaoh would make that journey every night for all of eternity only to resurrect with the sun god after passing the 12 th gate

32. Important Points