1. A History of English Language Section Page 225. SLANG304 226.REGISTER305 227.DIALECT306

2. Slang goes from being unmeaning language to having a special sense. Not occur (Johnson’s Dictionary) Low, unmeaning language (Webster ， 1828) Highly colloquial type (Oxford Dictionary ， 1911 )

3. ‘boom, slump, crank, fad’ Become respectable. Acquired an exact and sometimes technical meaning. Slang is being used by everyone. -Instinctive desire. -Novelty of expression.

4. Slang is a core example of a variety of language that is sometimes called register. “….The choice of features is determined by situation and context, and they carry significant differences of meaning. A face-to-face conversation is in a register different from that of a text message, which in turn…….” In brief, register is used to indicate degrees of formality in language use.

5. The concepts of pronunciation came later to the national consciousness than concepts of grammar. Thomas Sheridan - An approved accent was prescribed and established. - A class accent rather than regional accent Eventually known as Received Pronunciation (RP) A tradition of pronouncing dictionaries prospered during the second half of the 18 th century throughout the 19 th century, and good and bad pronunciations were codified. (In the latter half of 18 th century and continuing with the certitude thru the next century)

6. With the founding of BBC in 1992, standardizing pronunciation reached more pervasively into the British populace. Cockney and Northern accents were use in comedy but not in announcing the news. Although no equivalent of RP took root in the New World, it is undeniable that U.S. speakers have their own biases.

7. Thank You. Terima Kasih. 谢谢。