1. Dr Himani

2. Foams or creams that people can use in vagina or rectum during sex to prevent transmission Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent HIV. This would be the best long-term hope for ending HIV Based on the concept that blocking HIV’s ability to multiply may prevent the infection from taking hold From mother to child and intervention strategies for injection and non- injection drug users MicrobicidesVaccinesPre- exposure Prophylaxis Other areas of research

3.  Microbicides are gels, films, or suppositories that can kill or neutralize viruses and bacteria.  Researchers are studying both vaginal and rectal microbicides to see if they can prevent sexual transmission of HIV.  A safe, effective, and affordable microbicide against HIV could help to prevent many new infections.

4. CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Study Researchers put an antiretroviral drug into vaginal microbicide gel and told participants in trial to use the gel before and after sex to protect against HIV transmission Gel was 39% effective in reducing women’s risk of becoming infected with HIV during sex Gel was 51% effective in preventing genital herpes infection

5.  1987 : 1 st vaccine clinical trial opened  1992 : 1 st phase II HIV clinical trial  1999: AIDSVAX in Thailand  2003: RV 144 initiated, phase 3 trial

6.  Preventive vaccine  Therapeutic vaccine

7. Vaccine trial Candidate vaccine(s)PhaseResult VAX 003Protein:rgp120IIINo efficacy VAX 004Protein:rgp120IIINo efficacy RV144Pox/protein: ALVAC/rgp120 III31% efficacy HVTN 502/ Merck 023 Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) gag/pol/nef IIbNo efficacy HVTN503Ad5 gag/pol/nefIIbNo efficacy HVTN505DNA-Ad5 gag/pol/nef/env IIbNo efficacy

8. Vaccine trialPhaseResult RemuneIIINo efficacy EraMune02IOngoing Vacc-4x--

9. Thanks