1. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 1 Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - FLOORS, WALLS & BASEMENTS

2. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 2 Floors, walls at substructure level and basements are at the interface between the ground under the building and the building interior. Basic functional requirements are to be structurally sound and to provide a waterproof barrier between the ‘wet’ supporting ground and the dry interior of the building. Generally waterproofing barriers come in three forms. 1.DPCs Damp proof courses 2.DPMs Damp proof membranes 3.Tanking

3. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 3 In addition structures below the ground may also need to withstand the horizontal pressure of the soil and sometimes water. In such situations the structure acts as a retaining wall. At ground level, floors and their surrounding structures not only need to stop moisture entering the building and support the surrounding soil, but like foundations the floors need to be stable. Floors need to be able to support all applied loads without settlement.

4. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 4 GROUND FLOORS

5. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 5 Typical suspended ground floor construction

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10. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 10 150mm

11. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 11

12. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 12 Pre-cast concrete ground floor with timber decking and insulation

13. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 13 GROUND SUPPORTED SLABS

14. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 14 GROUND SUPPORTED SLABS

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16. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 16 Ground supported concrete slab with insulation located below the screed Ground supported concrete slab with insulation located below the slab

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18. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 18 Ground supported slab - with the feel of a suspended floor

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20. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 20 Large area construction. In the background (left) a laser screed machine is spreading and levelling the concrete. To the right a dry shake finish is being spread mechanically. In the foreground, the concrete placed several hours earlier is being finished by a power float and a ride-on power trowel. Concrete industrial ground floors : Concrete Society Larger ground supported floors

21. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 21 Typical slab construction.

22. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 22 Long strip construction, allowing access for levelling using a highway straightedge.

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25. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 25 Sawn free-movement joint. Sawn restrained-movement joint (shown with fabric).

26. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 26 Penetration of the floor slab

27. School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 27 BASEMENTS

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